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Aspirin or acetylsalicylic acid is a drug in the family of salicylates, often used as an analgesic (against minor pains and aches), antipyretic (against fever), and anti-inflammatory. It has also an anticoagulant (blood-thinning) effect and is used in long-term low-doses to prevent heart attacks. more...

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Low-dose long-term aspirin irreversibly blocks formation of thromboxane A2 in platelets, producing an inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation, and this blood-thinning property makes it useful for reducing the incidence of heart attacks. Aspirin produced for this purpose often comes in 75 or 81 mg dispersible tablets and is sometimes called "Junior aspirin." High doses of aspirin are also given immediately after an acute heart attack. These doses may also inhibit the synthesis of prothrombin and may therefore produce a second and different anticoagulant effect.

Several hundred fatal overdoses of aspirin occur annually, but the vast majority of its uses are beneficial. Its primary undesirable side effects, especially in stronger doses, are gastrointestinal distress (including ulcers and stomach bleeding) and tinnitus. Another side effect, due to its anticoagulant properties, is increased bleeding in menstruating women. Because there appears to be a connection between aspirin and Reye's syndrome, aspirin is no longer used to control flu-like symptoms in minors.

Aspirin was the first discovered member of the class of drugs known as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), not all of which are salicylates, though they all have similar effects and a similar action mechanism.

ASPIRIN

The brand name Aspirin was coined by the Bayer company of Germany. In some countries the name is used as a generic term for the drug rather than the manufacturer's trademark. In countries in which Aspirin remains a trademark, the initialism ASA is used as a generic term (ASS in German-language countries, for Acetylsalicylsäure; AAS in Spanish- and Portuguese-language countries, for ácido acetilsalicílico).

The name "aspirin" is composed of a- (from the acetyl group) -spir- (from the spiraea flower) and -in (a common ending for drugs at the time). Bayer registered it as a trademark on March 6, 1899.

However, the German company lost the right to use the trademark in many countries as the Allies seized and resold its foreign assets after World War I. The right to use "Aspirin" in the United States (along with all other Bayer trademarks) was purchased from the U.S. government by Sterling Drug, Inc. in 1918. Even before the patent for the drug expired in 1917, Bayer had been unable to stop competitors from copying the formula and using the name elsewhere, and so, with a flooded market, the public was unable to recognize "Aspirin" as coming from only one manufacturer. Sterling was subsequently unable to prevent "Aspirin" from being ruled a genericized trademark in a U.S. federal court in 1921. Sterling was ultimately acquired by Bayer in 1994, but this did not restore the U.S. trademark. Other countries (such as Canada) still consider "Aspirin" a protected trademark.

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Condition-specific treatment trend drives growth in pain relief segment - OTC/Natural Health
From Drug Store News, 10/20/03 by Michael Johnsen

If recent launches from three analgesic tablet suppliers are any indication, the pain relief category continues to go the way of the cough-cold business, which has been reapportioned in recent years to favor a more condition-specific assortment, with products categorized by symptom.

Of course, introducing condition-specific pain-relief to the analgesic aisle isn't new--suppliers started targeting such pain states as arthritis and migraine a few years ago. But as sales of OTC arthritis and migraine tablets plateau, suppliers are turning to pain conditions that will bring more sufferers to the table: muscle aches and pains and tension headaches.

The thinking goes that consumers will purchase one pain reliever for their back pain, another for their muscle discomfort and possibly will keep a tension remedy on hand for those times they have a headache--turning one purchase incidence into several drug store trips.

And the sales figures bear this out.

Although the second-largest drug store category has grown only 1.9 percent in the 52 weeks ended Sept. 7 to $900.8 million in drug, according to Information Resources Inc., sales in the core brands are down slightly. The current sales trends suggest that perhaps the newer muscle pain and tension headache, remedies are taking a small part of the business away from established migraine and arthritis pain treatments.

While this may sound like bad news for analgesic suppliers whose flagship brands--namely Tylenol, Advil and Excedrin--are experiencing flagging sales, it's actually driving growth in the category. Growth of 1.9 percent translates to $16.8 million in incremental dollars in drug stores for the one-year period ended the first week of September. About half of that came from two new condition specific brands--Tylenol 8 Hour and Excedrin Tension Headache, which together rang up sales of more than $8 million in drug stores--in less than a full year on the shelf. That eases some of the pain associated with lost sales to the core brands.

"There is definitely a trend toward more specific SKUs, which help consumers in identifying the right product for their condition," commented Michaela Griggs, category director at Bayer Consumer Care. "U.S. households usually carry multiple analgesic brands, which indicates that consumers already rely on various pain relievers for different pain states."

In April, McNeil Consumer Healthcare introduced its Tylenol 8 Hour to reach a broader consumer base than its Tylenol Arthritis Pain brand could. The technology that provides the extended pain relief is similar in both McNeil products. However, a McNeil spokeswoman noted that because of its name, the arthritis brand "has been virtually untouched by consumers under 45 and those with non-arthritic pain."

Bristol-Myers Squibb launched its Excedrin Tension Headache formulation in June in an attempt to reach the 93 percent of Americans stressed out enough to experience tension headaches. "As Americans become more health conscious, they are also becoming more aware of the causes and symptoms of their headache pain," stated Michael Gallagher, director of the University Headache Center at the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey.

While sales figures for Bayer's Extra Strength Bayer Back & Body Pain were not available, according to Griggs, in the one-year period following its May 2002 introduction, "1.6 percent of U.S. households purchased Bayer Back & Body," she said. "Of these households, more than 21 percent made at least one repeat purchase during that time."

COPYRIGHT 2003 Reproduced with permission of the copyright holder. Further reproduction or distribution is prohibited without permission.
COPYRIGHT 2003 Gale Group

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