Amphotericin B chemical structure
Find information on thousands of medical conditions and prescription drugs.

Abelcet

Amphotericin B (Fungilin®, Fungizone®, Abelcet®, AmBisome®, Fungisome®, Amphocil®, Amphotec®) is a polyene antimycotic drug, used intravenously in systemic fungal infections. It was originally extracted from Streptomyces nodosus fungi. Currently the drug is available as plain Amphotericin B, as cholesteryl sulfate complex, as lipid complex, and as liposomal formulation. The latter formulations have been developed to improve tolerability for the patient but may show considerable pharmacokinetic characteristics compared to plain Amphotericin B. more...

Home
Diseases
Medicines
A
8-Hour Bayer
Abacavir
Abamectin
Abarelix
Abciximab
Abelcet
Abilify
Abreva
Acamprosate
Acarbose
Accolate
Accoleit
Accupril
Accurbron
Accure
Accuretic
Accutane
Acebutolol
Aceclidine
Acepromazine
Acesulfame
Acetaminophen
Acetazolamide
Acetohexamide
Acetohexamide
Acetylcholine chloride
Acetylcysteine
Acetyldigitoxin
Aciclovir
Acihexal
Acilac
Aciphex
Acitretin
Actifed
Actigall
Actiq
Actisite
Actonel
Actos
Acular
Acyclovir
Adalat
Adapalene
Adderall
Adefovir
Adrafinil
Adriamycin
Adriamycin
Advicor
Advil
Aerobid
Aerolate
Afrinol
Aggrenox
Agomelatine
Agrylin
Airomir
Alanine
Alavert
Albendazole
Alcaine
Alclometasone
Aldomet
Aldosterone
Alesse
Aleve
Alfenta
Alfentanil
Alfuzosin
Alimta
Alkeran
Alkeran
Allegra
Allopurinol
Alora
Alosetron
Alpidem
Alprazolam
Altace
Alteplase
Alvircept sudotox
Amantadine
Amaryl
Ambien
Ambisome
Amfetamine
Amicar
Amifostine
Amikacin
Amiloride
Amineptine
Aminocaproic acid
Aminoglutethimide
Aminophenazone
Aminophylline
Amiodarone
Amisulpride
Amitraz
Amitriptyline
Amlodipine
Amobarbital
Amohexal
Amoxapine
Amoxicillin
Amoxil
Amphetamine
Amphotec
Amphotericin B
Ampicillin
Anafranil
Anagrelide
Anakinra
Anaprox
Anastrozole
Ancef
Android
Anexsia
Aniracetam
Antabuse
Antitussive
Antivert
Apidra
Apresoline
Aquaphyllin
Aquaphyllin
Aranesp
Aranesp
Arava
Arestin
Arestin
Argatroban
Argatroban
Argatroban
Argatroban
Arginine
Arginine
Aricept
Aricept
Arimidex
Arimidex
Aripiprazole
Aripiprazole
Arixtra
Arixtra
Artane
Artane
Artemether
Artemether
Artemisinin
Artemisinin
Artesunate
Artesunate
Arthrotec
Arthrotec
Asacol
Ascorbic acid
Asmalix
Aspartame
Aspartic acid
Aspirin
Astemizole
Atacand
Atarax
Atehexal
Atenolol
Ativan
Atorvastatin
Atosiban
Atovaquone
Atridox
Atropine
Atrovent
Augmentin
Aureomycin
Avandia
Avapro
Avinza
Avizafone
Avobenzone
Avodart
Axid
Axotal
Azacitidine
Azahexal
Azathioprine
Azelaic acid
Azimilide
Azithromycin
Azlocillin
Azmacort
Aztreonam
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z

Uses

Oral preparations of amphotericin B are used to treat oral thrush; these are virtually nontoxic. The main i.v. use is in systemic fungal infections (e.g. in immunocompromised patients), and in visceral leishmaniasis. Aspergillosis, cryptococcus infections (e.g. meningitis) and candidiasis are treated with amphotericin B. It is also used empirically in febrile immunocompromised patients who do not respond to broad-spectrum antibiotics.

Method of action

As with other polyene antifungals, amphotericin B associates with ergosterol, a membrane chemical of fungi, forming a pore that leads to K+ leakage and fungal cell death. Recently, however, researchers found evidence that pore formation is not necessarily linked to cell death (i.e. Angewandte Chemie Int. Ed. Engl. 2004). The actual mechanism of action may be more complex and multi-faceted.

Side effects

Very often a most serious acute reaction after the infusion (1 to 3 hours later) is noted consisting of fever, shaking chills, hypotension, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, headache, dyspnea, and tachypnea. This reaction sometimes subsides with later applications of the drug and may in part be due to histamine liberation. An increase in prostaglandin-synthesis may also play a role. Often the most difficult decision has to be made, whether the fever is disease- or drug-related. In order to decrease the likelihood and severity of the symptoms, initial doses should be low and increased slowly. The liposomal preperation obviously has a lower incidence of the syndrome. Acetaminophen, pethidine, diphenhydramine and/or hydrocortisone have all be used to treat or prevent the syndrome, but the prophylactic use of these drugs should be limited.

Nephrotoxicity (kidney damage) is a major issue and can be severe and/or irreversible. It is much milder when amphotericin B is delivered in liposomes (AmBisome). Electrolyte imbalances (e.g. hypokalema and hypocalcemia) may also occur.

Increased liver enzymes and hepatotoxicity up to acute liver failure, several forms of anemia and other blood dyscrasias (leukopenia, thrombopenia), serious cardiac arrhythmias (including ventricular fibrillation), and cardiac failure have also been reported frequently. Skin reactions, including serious forms, are also possible.

Interactions

  • Flucytosine : Toxicity of Flucytosine increased and vice versa
  • Diuretics or Cisplatin : Increased renal toxicity and incrised risk of hypokalema
  • Corticosterioids : Increased risk of hypokalema
  • Cytostatic drugs : Increased risk of kidney damage, hypotension and bronchospasms.
  • Other nephrotoxic drugs : Increased risk of serious renal damage. Monitor patients closely.
  • Foscarnet, Ganciclovir, Tenofovir, Adefovir : Risk of hematological and renal side-effects of Amphotericin B increased.
  • Transfusion of Leukocytes : Risk of pulmonal (lung) damage. Space intervalls between the application of Amphotericin B and the transfusion and monitor pulmonal function.

Read more at Wikipedia.org


[List your site here Free!]


Enzon Completes Acquisition of Abelcet North American Business From Elan
From Business Wire, 11/22/02

Business/Health Editors

BRIDGEWATER, N.J.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Nov. 22, 2002

Enzon, Inc. (Nasdaq:ENZN) today announced the completion of the Company's acquisition of the North American rights to Abelcet(R) (Amphotericin B Lipid Complex Injection) from Elan Corporation, plc (NYSE: ELN).

ABELCET is an antifungal used in the hospital to treat patients with invasive fungal infections related to cancer, organ transplantation and other conditions. Enzon has paid to Elan a cash payment of $360 million, representing the final purchase price.

The purchase includes the operating assets associated with the development, manufacture, sales and marketing of ABELCET in North America, including a 56,000 square foot manufacturing facility in Indianapolis, Indiana. Additionally, Enzon has hired certain Elan sales and plant personnel as part of the acquisition.

"This transaction does much more than simply add to Enzon's top and bottom lines, it brings a fully operational and profitable business to Enzon," said Arthur J. Higgins, Enzon's chairman and chief executive officer. "We have firmly anchored our strategy with the acquisition of ABELCET, an established product that plays a well-defined and valuable role in the growing antifungal market. Furthermore, this transaction sets the stage for continued growth bringing Enzon the necessary infrastructure and added flexibility to continue to access late-stage and marketed products."

The two companies have also agreed that for a maximum period of one year and at the option of Enzon, Elan will continue to market ABELCET in Canada and Elan will pay Enzon a royalty. The two companies have also entered into long-term Manufacturing and Supply Agreements, whereby Enzon will continue to manufacture products for Elan, including ABELCET, as Elan will retain the rights to market ABELCET in any markets outside the United States, Canada, and Japan. As part of the sale, Elan has committed to transfer its Japanese rights to Abelcet, to the extent they exist and are transferable to Enzon.

ABELCET is a lipid complex formulation of amphotericin B providing patients with significantly lower kidney toxicity than conventional amphotericin B. The increase in severe fungal infections is driven primarily by advances in medical treatment, such as increasingly aggressive chemotherapy procedures and advances in transplantation procedures. These advances have given rise to an increased number of immuno-compromised patients. The fungi that cause these infections are normally combated by an individual's healthy immune system. However, for immuno-compromised patients, such as individuals undergoing chemotherapy, immunosuppression following transplantation, or HIV patients with AIDS, these infections represent a major mortality risk.

SG Cowen Securities Corporation acted as financial advisor to Enzon.

Company management of Enzon will be hosting a conference call on Monday, November 25, 2002 at 10:00AM EST provide additional financial guidance related to the Company's acquisition of ABELCET. All interested parties can access the call using the following information:

Enzon's conference call will also be webcast in a "listen only" mode via the internet at http://www.vcall.com. Additionally, for those parties unable to listen at the time of Enzon's conference call, a rebroadcast will be available following the call from Monday November 25, 2002 from approximately 3:30PM EST. This rebroadcast will end on Monday, December 2, 2002 at 11:59PM EST. The rebroadcast may be accessed using the following information:

Enzon is a biopharmaceutical company dedicated to the discovery, development and commercialization of therapeutics to treat life-threatening diseases. The company has developed three marketed products, including PEG-INTRON(R), marketed by Schering-Plough. Enzon's product-focused strategy includes an extensive drug development program that leverages the Company's PEG modification and single-chain antibody (SCA(R)) technologies. Internal research and development efforts are complemented by strategic transactions that provide access to additional products, projects, and technologies. Enzon has several drug candidates in various stages of development, independently and with partners.

Except for the historical information herein, the matters discussed in this news release include forward-looking statements that may involve a number of risks and uncertainties. Actual results may vary significantly based upon a number of factors, which are described in the Company's Form 10-K, Form 10-Q's, Form 8-K's and other documents on file with the SEC, including without limitation, risks in obtaining and maintaining regulatory approval for existing, new or expanded indications and other regulatory risks, risks relating to the manufacturing facility and Enzon's ability to manufacture pharmaceutical products on a large scale, risks that customer inventory will be greater than previously thought, risks concerning Enzon's ability to manage growth, market a pharmaceutical product on a large scale and integrate and manage an internal sales and marketing organization and maintain or expand sales and market share for ABELCET, risks relating to the ability to ensure regulatory compliance, risks that Enzon will not outperform the sector, risks related to the acquisition, risks related to research and development costs and capabilities, market acceptance of and continuing demand for Enzon's products and the impact of increased competition, risks associated with anticipated top and bottom line growth and the possibility that upside potential will not be achieved, competitive products and pricing, and risks associated with the ownership and use of intellectual property rights.

This release is also available at http://www.enzon.com.

COPYRIGHT 2002 Business Wire
COPYRIGHT 2002 Gale Group

Return to Abelcet
Home Contact Resources Exchange Links ebay