Find information on thousands of medical conditions and prescription drugs.

Antitussive

A cough medicine is a drug used to treat coughing and related conditions. Dry coughs are treated with cough suppressants (antitussives) that suppress the body's urge to cough, while productive coughs (coughs that produce phlegm) are treated with expectorants that loosen mucus from the respiratory tract. more...

Home
Diseases
Medicines
A
8-Hour Bayer
Abacavir
Abamectin
Abarelix
Abciximab
Abelcet
Abilify
Abreva
Acamprosate
Acarbose
Accolate
Accoleit
Accupril
Accurbron
Accure
Accuretic
Accutane
Acebutolol
Aceclidine
Acepromazine
Acesulfame
Acetaminophen
Acetazolamide
Acetohexamide
Acetohexamide
Acetylcholine chloride
Acetylcysteine
Acetyldigitoxin
Aciclovir
Acihexal
Acilac
Aciphex
Acitretin
Actifed
Actigall
Actiq
Actisite
Actonel
Actos
Acular
Acyclovir
Adalat
Adapalene
Adderall
Adefovir
Adrafinil
Adriamycin
Adriamycin
Advicor
Advil
Aerobid
Aerolate
Afrinol
Aggrenox
Agomelatine
Agrylin
Airomir
Alanine
Alavert
Albendazole
Alcaine
Alclometasone
Aldomet
Aldosterone
Alesse
Aleve
Alfenta
Alfentanil
Alfuzosin
Alimta
Alkeran
Alkeran
Allegra
Allopurinol
Alora
Alosetron
Alpidem
Alprazolam
Altace
Alteplase
Alvircept sudotox
Amantadine
Amaryl
Ambien
Ambisome
Amfetamine
Amicar
Amifostine
Amikacin
Amiloride
Amineptine
Aminocaproic acid
Aminoglutethimide
Aminophenazone
Aminophylline
Amiodarone
Amisulpride
Amitraz
Amitriptyline
Amlodipine
Amobarbital
Amohexal
Amoxapine
Amoxicillin
Amoxil
Amphetamine
Amphotec
Amphotericin B
Ampicillin
Anafranil
Anagrelide
Anakinra
Anaprox
Anastrozole
Ancef
Android
Anexsia
Aniracetam
Antabuse
Antitussive
Antivert
Apidra
Apresoline
Aquaphyllin
Aquaphyllin
Aranesp
Aranesp
Arava
Arestin
Arestin
Argatroban
Argatroban
Argatroban
Argatroban
Arginine
Arginine
Aricept
Aricept
Arimidex
Arimidex
Aripiprazole
Aripiprazole
Arixtra
Arixtra
Artane
Artane
Artemether
Artemether
Artemisinin
Artemisinin
Artesunate
Artesunate
Arthrotec
Arthrotec
Asacol
Ascorbic acid
Asmalix
Aspartame
Aspartic acid
Aspirin
Astemizole
Atacand
Atarax
Atehexal
Atenolol
Ativan
Atorvastatin
Atosiban
Atovaquone
Atridox
Atropine
Atrovent
Augmentin
Aureomycin
Avandia
Avapro
Avinza
Avizafone
Avobenzone
Avodart
Axid
Axotal
Azacitidine
Azahexal
Azathioprine
Azelaic acid
Azimilide
Azithromycin
Azlocillin
Azmacort
Aztreonam
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z

Cough suppressants

Cough suppressants may act centrally (on the brain) or locally (on the respiratory tract) to suppress the cough reflex.

Centrally acting suppressants include dextromethorphan (DXM), noscapine, ethyl morphine, and codeine.

Peripherally acting substances include local anaesthetics, which reduce the sensation of nerves in the throat, and demulcents, which coat the esophagus. Although it is commonly believed that cough medicines must coat the throat to be effective, there is no evidence that it is possible to control coughing by this means.

One might think it unwise to suppress the cough reflex (the mechanism for expelling mucus from the respiratory tract) but severe coughing may lead to lung irritation, causing a vicious cycle. The cough reflex is also very strong and cannot be completely suppressed. However, dry cough (without mucus production) or cough that is exhausting and preventing sleep should be treated with supressants.

Recent studies have found that theobromine, a compound found in cocoa, is more effective as a cough suppressant than prescription codeine. This molecule suppresses the "itch" signal from the nerve in the back of the throat that causes the cough reflex. It is possible to get an effective dose from dark chocolate, which contains more cocoa than milk chocolate. Theobromine was also free from side effects in the blind tests.

Expectorants

An expectorant (from Latin ex- "out" + pectoris "of the chest") is a medicine or herb which increases the expulsion of tracheal or bronchial mucus through expectoration or coughing. In over-the-counter preparations, guaifenesin is often used. Herbal expectorants include the following:

  • Aniseed (Pimpinella anisum),
  • Balm of Gilead (Populus gileadensis),
  • Balsam of Peru (Myroxylon perierae),
  • Balsam of Tolu (Myroxylon toluifera),
  • Blood root (Sanguinaria canadensis),
  • Coltsfoot (Tussilago farfara),
  • Comfrey (Symphytum officinale),
  • Elderflower (Sambucus nigra),
  • Elecampane (Inula helenium),
  • Garlic (Allium sativum),
  • Golden seal (Hydrastis canadensis),
  • Grindelia (Grindelia camporum),
  • Hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis),
  • Iceland moss (Cetraria islandica),
  • Irish moss (Chondrus crispus),
  • Liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra),
  • Lobelia (Lobelia inflata),
  • Lungwort (Sticta pulmonaria),
  • Marshmallow (Althaea officinalis),
  • Mouse ear (Hieracium pilosella),
  • Mullein (Verbascum thapsus),
  • Pleurisy root (Asclepias tuberosa),
  • Senega (Polygala senega),
  • Skunk Cabbage (Symplocarpus foetidus),
  • Squill (Urginea maritima),
  • Thuja (Thuja occidentalis),
  • Thyme (Thymus vulgaris),
  • Vervain (Verbena officinalis),
  • White horehound (Marrubium vulgare),
  • Wild cherry (Prunus serotona).

Read more at Wikipedia.org


[List your site here Free!]


Despite BTC threat to cold sales, outlook for segment is solid
From Drug Store News, 9/12/05 by Michael Johnsen

Even as more and more pseudoephedrine products are pulled behind the pharmacy counter-moves that are expected to impact the cough-cold and allergy categories negatively this fall--a report issued from Kalorama Information last month estimates the cough-cold sinus and allergy medication market could reach a base of $4.9 billion by 2009 from its 2004 dollar total of $4.4 billion.

In fact, that growth could be realized even as PSE is effectively removed from the market. "It remains to be seen if marketers will feel that it is worth or even possible to educate consumers sufficiently about active decongestant ingredients to differentiate PSE products and maintain strong demand," noted Steven Heffner, publisher of the July, cough-cold market study. Given the current state of the market, we do not anticipate consumers will go the extra mile unless there is such an educational/promotional effort."

And if consumers won t go that extra mile, the days of PSE serving as a viable decongestant over-the-counter may be numbered.

Already, Oregon has passed legislation mandating that PSE be sold only with a description--to date the most restrictive legislation on the books. Federal legislation currently under deliberation has the potential to classify PSE as a schedule V drug, which would make it a prescription-only option in 14 additional states. Every major retail outlet has at least pulled single-ingredient PSE behind the pharmacy counter. A few, such as Rite Aid, also have pulled combination PSE products behind the counter, and Walgreens recently announced its decision to pull all PSE ingredients to a placement behind the pharmacy, including liquids and liqui-gels.

However, consumers are still going to come down with a cold or flu, or sneeze their way through hay fever season. And that means they will still make the trek to the drug store counter in search of relief. So much so that they will grow the entire cough/cold allergy/sinus market by an average 2.1 percent each year to reach that projection of $4.9 billion by 2009.

A lot of that has to do with the expected switch of the three next-generation antihistamines that are still sold through a, prescription--Sanofi-Aventis Allegra, Pfizer's Zyrtec and Schering-Plough's Clarinex. Allegra could lose patent protection as early as 2006, depending upon how a trial challeging that patent breaks, and the patents for Zyrtec and Clarinex are scheduled to expire in 2007, according to the Kalorama report.

And while the switch of any of these medicines is not expected to generate the amount of increased traffic to the allergy aisle that Claritin and other loratadine products created at the time of their launch, switch equals growth. Other potential switch candidates include Schering-Plough s Nasonex and GlaxoSmithKline s Flonase.

The fact that all of these potential switch candidates are indicated against the relief of allergy also bodes well for the category. It goes to reason that chronic allergy sufferers are more frequent purchasers than people who have a cold, seeking allergy relief over the course of the year as opposed to a seven-month cough-cold season.

And while Schering-Plough faces increased competition from private label loratadine sales, the company is still line extending its Claritin brand. Last month, the company launched a grape-flavored Children's Claritin Syrup.

MICHAEL JOHNSEN CATEGORY SPECIALIST

COPYRIGHT 2005 Reproduced with permission of the copyright holder. Further reproduction or distribution is prohibited without permission.
COPYRIGHT 2005 Gale Group

Return to Antitussive
Home Contact Resources Exchange Links ebay