Find information on thousands of medical conditions and prescription drugs.

Burkitt's lymphoma

Burkitt's lymphoma (or "Burkitt's tumor", or "Malignant lymphoma, Burkitt's type") is a type of cancer that is associated with the Epstein-Barr virus, also the cause of mononucleosis as well as other cancers. It is named after Denis Parsons Burkitt, a surgeon who first described the disease in 1956 while working in equatorial Africa. more...

Home
Diseases
A
B
Babesiosis
Bacterial endocarditis
Bacterial food poisoning
Bacterial meningitis
Bacterial pneumonia
Balantidiasis
Bangstad syndrome
Bardet-Biedl syndrome
Bardet-Biedl syndrome
Bardet-Biedl syndrome
Bardet-Biedl syndrome
Barrett syndrome
Barth syndrome
Basal cell carcinoma
Bathophobia
Batrachophobia
Batten disease
Becker's muscular dystrophy
Becker's nevus
Behcet syndrome
Behr syndrome
Bejel
Bell's palsy
Benign congenital hypotonia
Benign essential tremor...
Benign fasciculation...
Benign paroxysmal...
Berdon syndrome
Berger disease
Beriberi
Berylliosis
Besnier-Boeck-Schaumann...
Bibliophobia
Bicuspid aortic valve
Biliary atresia
Binswanger's disease
Biotinidase deficiency
Bipolar disorder
Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome
Blastoma
Blastomycosis
Blepharitis
Blepharospasm
Bloom syndrome
Blue diaper syndrome
Blue rubber bleb nevus
Body dysmorphic disorder
Boil
Borreliosis
Botulism
Bourneville's disease
Bowen's disease
Brachydactyly
Brachydactyly type a1
Bradykinesia
Bright's disease
Brittle bone disease
Bromidrosiphobia
Bronchiectasis
Bronchiolotis obliterans...
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Brown-Sequard syndrome
Brucellosis
Brugada syndrome
Bubonic plague
Budd-Chiari syndrome
Buerger's disease
Bulimia nervosa
Bullous pemphigoid
Burkitt's lymphoma
Byssinosis
Cavernous angioma
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
Medicines

Children affected with the disease often also had chronic malaria which is believed to have reduced resistance to the virus. This is known as classical African or endemic Burkitt's lymphoma.

Outside of central Africa, a type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is found where cancer cells have a similar appearance to the cancer cells of classical African or endemic Burkitt's lymphoma. This condition is known as the non-African or sporadic type of Burkitt's lymphoma. Again it is believed that impaired immunity provides an opening for development of the Epstein-Barr virus. The translocation of the myc gene is seen in this lymphoma. (t: 8;14)

Microscopy

Burkitt's lymphoma demonstrates a starry sky appearance due to the macrophage ingestion of tumor cells.

Treatment

  • Chemotherapy
    • cyclophosphamide
    • doxorubicin
    • vincristine
    • methotrexate
    • cytarabine
    • ifosfamide
    • etoposide

Read more at Wikipedia.org


[List your site here Free!]


Assessment of Epstein-Barr virus association with pediatric non-hodgkin lymphoma in immunocompetent and in immunocompromised patients in Argentina
From Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, 3/1/02 by Chabay, Paola A

* Context.-Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been classically associated with 3 malignancies, Burkitt lymphoma, B-cell lymphoproliferative syndromes, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and more recently with Hodgkin disease, T-cell lymphomas, and gastric and breast carcinomas, as well as with leiomyosarcoma and leiomyoma associated with immunosuppression.

Objective.-To compare EBV expression in Argentine tumor samples with those reported elsewhere, we analyzed EBV expression in an Argentine pediatric population with non-Hodgkin lymphoma and correlated these results with clinical course and outcome.

Methods.-We studied EBV presence by latent membrane protein-1 protein labeling by immunohistochemistry, by in situ hybridization, and by polymerase chain reaction for Epstein-Barr-encoded RNAs (EBERs) in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded non-Hodgkin lymphoma tissue samples (collected retrospectively) from 32 pediatric patients at Ricardo Gutierrez Children's Hospital from 1993 to 2000.

Results.-Eight out of the 32 (25%) non-Hodgkin lymphoma cases showed latent membrane protein-I and EBERs by in situ hybridization positive staining in tumor cells. Among EBERs and latent membrane protein-l-positive cases, there were 5 immunocompromised patients, with either human immunodeficiency virus infection or primary immunodeficiency. The EBERs in situ hybridization results were confirmed by EBERs polymerase chain reaction in good-quality DNA from 11 samples, with 3 proving positive and 8 negative.

Conclusions.-The association of EBV with non-Hodgkin lymphoma in the Argentine pediatric population was low (25%), and this figure rose to 100% when only the immunocompromised patients subgroup was considered, confirming that the virus is probably a cofactor in the lymphomagenesis of some but not all pediatric non-Hodgkin lymphoma. So far, no differences in clinical outcome are discernible between EBV-positive and EBV-negative nonHodgkin lymphoma patients.

(Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2002;126:331-335)

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is one of 8 known human herpesviruses. It infects the vast majority of mankind, with a prevalence in the total population ranging from 80% to 90%,1 and although it is etiologically associated with several diseases, by and large it establishes a lifelong silent infection.2

Latent membrane protein-1 (LMP-1) and Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen-2 (EBNA-2) are the 2 EBV latency proteins associated with cellular growth regulation. It is well known that LMP-1 exerts transforming effects on continuous rodent fibroblast cell lines' and that it also protects against apoptosis by enhancing expression of the bcl-2 proto-oncogene.3

Two EBV types circulate in most human populations, types 1 and 2, which differ only in a few latency genes, particularly nuclear antigens EBNA-2, EBNA-3a, EBNA-3b, and EBNA-3c. Epstein-Barr virus type 1 is more common in developed countries, whereas EBV type 2 is more prevalent in Africa. In addition, type 1 has proven in vitro to be a more potent transformer of B cells than type 2.1

In recent years, serologic and molecular assays have provided evidence that EBV is associated with several malignancies. Besides Burkitt lymphoma, EBV is now suspected as a pathogenic agent in other non-Hodgkin lymphomas (eg, acquired immune deficiency syndrome [AIDS]-associated, posttransplant, and nasal T/natural killer cell), Hodgkin lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma, and gastric adenocarcinoma, as well as leiomyosarcoma and leiomyoma associated with immunosuppression. Because EBV-related malignancies may occur throughout life, the epidemiology of primary EBV infection, particularly its age at onset, has a potential relevance to understanding the etiology of these cancers.4

Lymphomas constitute approximately 10% of all childhood cancers in developed countries; the incidence of non-- Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) increases steadily throughout life, and children younger than 16 years of age account for only 3% of all patients with NHL. Pediatric NHL may be divided into 3 major histologic categories, as follows: lymphoblastic lymphoma, Burkitt lymphoma, and large cell lymphoma.5

References

1. Rickinson A, Kieff E. Epstein Barr virus. In: Fields N, Knipe D, eds. Virology.

Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott-Raven Press Ltd; 1996:2397-2446.

2. Faulkner G, Krajeuwsky A, Crawford D. The ins and outs of EBV infection. Trends Microbiol. 2000;8:185-189.

3. Henderson S, Rowe M, Gregory C, et al. Induction of bcl-2 expression by Epstein Barr virus latent membrane protein I protects infected B cells from programming cell death. Cell. 1991;65:1107.

4. Hsu JL, Glaser S. Epstein Barr virus-associated malignancies: epidemiologic patterns and etiologic implications. Clin Rev Hematol Oncol. 2000;34:27-53. 5. Shad A, Magrath 1. Malignant non Hodgkin's lymphomas in children. In:

Pizzo P, Poplack D, eds. Principles and Practice of Pediatric Oncology. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott-Raven Publishers; 1997:545-582.

6. D'Amore F, Johansen P, Houmand A, Weisenburger D, Mortensen L. Epstein Barr virus genome in non Hodgkin's lymphomas occurring in immunocompetent patients: highest prevalence in non lymphoblastic T cell lymphoma and correlation with a poor prognosis. Blood. 1996;87:1045-1055.

7. Teramoto N, Sarker B, Tonoyarna Y, et al. Epstein Barr virus infection in the neoplastic and nonneoplastic cells of lymphoid malignancies. Cancer 1996;77: 2339-2347.

8. Hirose Y, Masaki Y, Sasaki K, et al. Determination of Epstein Barr virus association with B-Cell lymphoma in Japan: study of 72 cases-in Situ hibridization, polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemical studies. Intj Hematol. 1998;67:165-174.

9. Gutierrez MI, Kingma DW, Sorbara L, et al. Association of EBV strains, defined multiple loci analysis, in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and reactive tissues from HIV positive and HIV negative patients. Leuk Lymphoma. 2000;37:425429.

10. Gutierrez M, Bhatia K, Barriga F, et al. Molecular epidemiology of Burkitt's lymphoma from South America: differences in breakpoint location and EpsteinBarr virus association from tumor in other world regions. Blood. 1992;79:3261 3266.

11. Sandlund JT, Gorban ZI, Berard CW, et al. Large proportion of Epstein-Barr virus associated small non-cleaved cell lymphomas among children with non Hodgkin's lymphoma at a single institution in Moscow, Russia. AmI Clin OncoL 1999;22:523-525.

12. Harris NL, Jaffe ES, Diebold J, et al, World Health Organization classification of neoplastic diseases of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues: report

of the Clinical Advisory Committee meeting-Airlie House, Virginia, November 1997. J Clin Oncol. 1999;17:3835-3849.

13. Wright D, Manos M. Sample preparation from paraffin-embedded tissues. In: Innis M, Gelfand D, Sninsky J, White T, eds. PCR Protocols. New York, NY: Academic Press Inc, Harcourt Brace jovanovich; 1990:155.

14. Sambrook J, Russell D. Molecular cloning: A laboratory manual. New York, New York: Cold Spring Harbor Press; 2001.

15. Bonnet M, Guinebretiere JM, Kremer E, et al. Detection of Epstein Barr virus in invasive breast cancers. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1999;91:1376-1381.

16. Sample J, Young L, Martin B, Chatman T, Kieff E, Rickinson A. Epstein Barr virus types 1 and 2 differ in their EBNA-3A, EBNA-3B and EBNA-3C genes. J Virol. 1990;64:4084-4092.

17. Knowles D. Immunodeficiency-associated lymphoproliferative disorders. Mod Pathol. 1999;12:200-217.

18. Ho FCS, Srivastava G, Loke SL, et al. Presence of Epstein Barr virus DNA in nasal lymphomas of B and T cell type. Hematol Oncol. 1990;8:271-281.

19. Su IJ, Hsieh HC, Lin KH, et al. Aggressive peripheral T-cell lymphomas containing Epstein Barr viral DNA: a clinico-pathological and molecular analysis. Blood. 1991;77:799-808.

20. Jung CK, Lee KY, Kim Y, et al. Epstein Barr virus infection, drug resistance and prognosis in Korean T- and NK-cell lymphomas. Pathol Int. 2001;51:335363.

21. Yamamoto T, Nakamura Y, Kishimoto K, et al. Epstein Barr virus-infected cells were frequently but dispersely detected inT-cell lymphomas of various types by in situ hybridization with an RNA probe specific to EBV-specific nuclear antigen 1. Virus Res. 1999;65:43-55.

22. McClain K, Joshi V, Murphy S. Cancers in children with HIV infection. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 1996;10:1189-1201.

23. Filipovich A. Lymphoproliferative disorders associated with immunodeficiency. In: Magrath IT, ed. The non Hodgkin's Lymphomas. London, England: Edward Arnold; 1997:135.

24. Khanna R, Tellam J, jaikumar D, Cooper L. Immunotherapeutic strategies for EBV-associated malignancies. Trends Mol Med. 2001;7:270-276.

25. Joske D, Knecht H. Epstein Barr virus in lymphoma: a review. Blood Rev. 1993;7:215-222.

26. Niedobitek G, Agathanggelou A, Rowe M, et al. Heterogeneous expression of Epstein-Barr virus latent proteins in endemic Burkitt's lymphoma. Blood. 1995; 86:659.

27. Carbone A, Gloghini A. Expression of EBV-encoded LMP-1 in nonendemic BL. Blood. 1996;87:1202-1204.

28. Preciado MV, De Matteo E, Diez B, Menarguez J, Grinstein S. Presence of Epstein Barr virus and strain type assignment in Argentine childhood Hodgkin's disease lood. R/nnd 1958:92-995:R6,3977-1929.

Paola A. Chabay; Elena N. De Matteo, MD; Luis Aversa, MD; Silvana Maglio, MD; Saul Grinstein, Md; Maria Victoria Preciado, PhD

Accepted for publication September 26, 2001.

From the Virology Laboratory (Ms Chabay and Drs Grinstein and Preciado), the Pathology Department (Drs De Matteo and Maglio), and the Hematology Department (Dr Aversa), Ricardo Gutierrez Children's Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Reprints: Maria Victoria Preciado, PhD, Laboratorio de Virologia, Hospital de Ninos Ricardo Gutierrez, Gallo 1330, C1425EFD Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina (e-mail: preciado@conicet.gov.ar).

Copyright College of American Pathologists Mar 2002
Provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company. All rights Reserved

Return to Burkitt's lymphoma
Home Contact Resources Exchange Links ebay