An eye with viral conjunctivitis
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Conjunctivitis

Conjunctivitis (commonly called "pinkeye") is an inflammation of the conjunctiva (the outermost layer of the eye and the inner surface of the eyelids), often due to infection. There are three common varieties of conjunctivitis, viral, allergic, and bacterial. Other causes of conjunctivitis include thermal and ultraviolet burns, chemicals, toxins, overuse of contact lenses, foreign bodies, vitamin deficiency, dry eye, dryness due to inadequate lid closure, exposure to chickens infected with Newcastle disease, epithelial dysplasia (pre-cancerous changes), and some conditions of unknown cause such as sarcoidosis. more...

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Medicines

Blepharoconjunctivitis is the combination of conjunctivitis with blepharitis.
Keratoconjunctivitis is the combination of conjunctivitis and keratitis.

Epidemiology

Viral conjunctivitis is spread by aerosol or contact of a variety of contagious viruses, including many that cause the common cold, so that it is often associated with upper respiratory tract symptoms. Clusters of cases have been due to transfer on ophthalmic instruments which make contact with the eye (e.g., tonometers) and have not been adequately sterilised.

Allergic conjunctivitis occurs more frequently among those with allergic conditions, with the symptoms having a seasonal correlation. It can also be caused by allergies to substances such as cosmetics, perfume, protein deposits on contact lenses, or drugs. It usually affects both eyes, and is accompanied by swollen eyelids.

Bacterial conjunctivitis is most often caused by pyogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus or Streptococcus from the patient's own skin or respiratory flora. Others are due to infection from the environment (eg insect bourne), from other people (usually by touch- especially in children), but occasionally via eye makeup or facial lotions. An example of this is conjunctivitis due the the bacteria Haemophilus influenzae biogroup aegyptius.

Irritant, toxic, thermal and chemical conjunctivitis are associated with exposure to the specific agents, such as flame burns, irritant plant saps, irritant gases (e.g., chlorine or hydrochloric acid ('pool acid') fumes), natural toxins (e.g., ricin picked up by handling castor oil bean necklaces), or splash injury from an enormous variety of industrial chemicals, the most dangerous being strongly alkaline materials.

Xerophthalmia is a term that usually implies a destructive dryness of the conjunctival epithelium due to dietary vitamin A deficiency—a condition virtually forgotten in developed countries, but still causing much damage in developing countries. Other forms of dry eye are associated with aging, poor lid closure, scarring from previous injury, or autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, and these can all cause chronic conjunctivitis.

Diagnosis

Symptoms

Redness, irritation and watering of the eyes are symptoms common to all forms of conjunctivitis. Itch is variable.

Acute allergic conjunctivitis is typically itchy, sometimes distressingly so, and the patient often complains of some lid swelling. Chronic allergy often causes just itch or irritation, and often much frustration because the absence of redness or discharge leads to accusations of hypochondria.

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Inflammatory Diseases of the Conjuctiva $25.90 Surgical Management of External Disease of the Eye $10.00
Gale Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine : Conjunctivitis $5.50 Pinkeye (It's Catching) $0.25
Povidone-iodine effective for conjunctivitis in children: extremely inexpensive.(Dermatologic Therapy) : An article from: Skin & Allergy News $5.95 The Official Patient's Sourcebook on Conjunctivitis $18.78
Pinkeye (First Facts) $14.41 Ask Doctor Cory.(hair growth, pinkeye, and respiration)(Brief Article) : An article from: U.S. Kids $5.95
Bacterial conjunctivitis.(Drug Update) : An article from: Skin & Allergy News $5.95 Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine : Inclusion conjunctivitis $2.30

Conjunctivitis no need for antibiotics
Children with conjunctivitis, also known as pinkeye, are typically given antibiotic eyedrops. The practice should be stopped, according to the authors ...
Selecting a topical treatment for seasonal allergic conjunctivitis
Approximately one fifth of the population in the United Kingdom suffers from seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. Symptoms of ocular irritation, redness, ...
Conjunctivitis: diagnostic usefulness of signs and symptoms unknown
Rietveld RR, van Weert HCPM, ter Riet G, and Bindels PJE. Diagnostic impact of signs and symptoms in acute infectious conjunctivitis: systematic literature ...
Conjunctivitis and cervicitis
A 42 year-old African American female came to the emergency room complaining of fever, chills, and generalized pain in her joints, abdomen, and pelvis.
Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis caused by coxsackievirus A24 variant, South Korea, 2002 - Dispatches
In summer 2002, a nationwide outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis occurred in South Korea. The etiologic agent was confirmed as coxsackievirus ...
Pneumococcal conjunctivitis at an elementary school — Maine, September 20-December 6, 2002
On October 18, 2002, the nurse at an elementary school in Westbrook, Maine, notified the Maine Bureau of Health (MBOH) of an increase in the number of students with conjunctivitis. During September
Conjunctivitis
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Inclusion conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the conjunctiva (the membrane that lines the eyelids and covers the white part, or sclera, of the eyeball) ...

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