Doxorubicin chemical structure
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Doxil

Doxorubicin or adriamycin is a DNA-interacting drug widely used in chemotherapy. It is an anthracycline and structurely closely related to daunomycin, and also intercalates DNA. It is commonly used in the treatment of uterine cancer and ovarian cancer, as well as some other cancers. more...

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Doxil® is a liposome-encapsulated dosage form of doxorubicin made by Johnson & Johnson. Its main benefits are a reduction in cardiotoxicity. It follows the similar preparation of daunorubicin in a liposomal carrier.

Mechanism of Action

Doxorubicin acts by binding to DNA where it can inhibit the progression of the enzyme topoisomerase II, which unwinds DNA for transcription. Doxorubicin stabilises the topoisomerase II complex after it has broken the DNA chain for replication, preventing the DNA double helix from being resealed and thereby stopping the process of replication.

Side Effects

Acute side-effects of doxorubicin are nausea, vomiting, decrease in white blood cells and hair loss. When the cumulative dose of doxorubicin reaches 450mg/m2, the risk of congestive heart failure dramatically increases.

Clinical Use

Doxorubicin is a commonly used to treat Hodgkins disease, breast cancer, lung cancer, soft tissue sarcoma, Kahlers disease.

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Alza Corp. to acquire Crescendo Pharmaceuticals for 41.67 times revenue, The
From Weekly Corporate Growth Report, 10/16/00

The Deal: The Alza Corp has announced that it has exercised its option to purchase the Crescendo Pharmaceuticals Corp. for $100 million in cash. Crescendo, a former unit of Alza, was used to finance research and development through outside investors.

Discussion: The Crescendo Pharmaceuticals Corp. is a development-stage firm that received $300 million from its parent to fund the research of certain drug candidates. Crescendo now pays ALZA from these funds to develop these products, many of which use ALZA's drug-delivery technologies. The firm is currently paying ALZA to develop a treatment for acute and chronic pain. ALZA is marketing three Crescendo-funded, FDA-approved drugs: Ditropan, a treatment for overactive bladder; Concerta, a hyperactivity treatment; and Viadur, a prostate cancer therapy.

The Alza Corp. designs controlled-dosage drug-delivery systems, which range from skin patches to low-current electric devices that administer drugs through the skin. Key drugs that use ALZA's technology include Procardia XL oral angina/hypertension treatment; No. 1 smoking cessation patch NicoDerm CQ; and over-the-counter allergy medication Sudafed 24. ALZA also develops drugs for its own account, including Ditropan XL for overactive bladder and cancer treatment Doxil.

Copyright NVST.com, Inc. Oct 16, 2000
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