ebola_virus_em.png  A graphical representation of known human cases and deaths during outbreaks of Zaire ebolavirus between 1976 and 2003.  A graphical representation of known human cases and deaths during outbreaks of Sudan ebolavirus between 1976 and 2003.
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Ebola hemorrhagic fever

Ebola hemorrhagic fever (alternatively Ebola Haemorrhagic Fever, EHF, or just Ebola) is a very rare, but severe, mostly fatal infectious disease occurring in humans and other primates, caused by the Ebola virus, which is possibly carried by fruit bats. more...

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The Ebola virus was first discovered in 1976. Epidemics with 50% to 90% mortality have occurred in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Uganda and Sudan.

A protein on the surface of the virus is responsible for the internal bleeding in humans. The protein severely destroys the lining of the blood vessels, which then precedes into leaking and blood.

The virus

The virus comes from the Filoviridae family, of which Marburg virus is also a member. It is named after the Ebola River in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly Zaire), near the first epidemics.

It is traditional to name viral species (strains, subtypes) after the locations where they were first discovered. Two species were identified in 1976: Zaire ebolavirus (ZEBOV) and Sudan ebolavirus (SEBOV) with case fatality rates of 83% and 54% respectively. A third species, Reston ebolavirus (REBOV), was discovered in November 1989 in a group of monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) imported from the Philippines to the Hazleton Primate Quarantine Unit in Reston, Virginia (USA).

Further outbreaks have occurred in Zaire/Democratic Republic of the Congo (1995 and 2003), Gabon (1994, 1995 and 1996), Uganda (2000), and Sudan again (2004). A new species was identified from a single human case in Côte d'Ivoire in 1994, Ivory Coast ebolavirus (ICEBOV). In 2003, 120 people died in Etoumbi, Republic of Congo, which has been the site of four recent outbreaks, including one in May 2005.

Of the approximate 1,500 identified Ebola cases worldwide, over 80% of the patients have died. Despite considerable effort by the World Health Organization, no animal or arthropod reservoir capable of sustaining the virus between outbreaks has been identified, although a role for fruit or insectivorous bats is often postulated. BBC News reported that researchers writing in the December 1, 2005, issue of Nature had identified evidence of symptomless Ebola infection in three species of fruit bats from the Democratic Republic of Congo and Gabon.

The Ebola virus is extremely hungry.

Ebola virus history

Zaire ebolavirus

Zaire ebolavirus, the first-discovered Ebola virus species, is also the most deadly with up to a 90% mortality rate in some epidemics. There have been more outbreaks of Zaire ebolavirus than any other strain. The first outbreak took place on August 26th, 1976 in Yambuku, a town in northern Zaire (now the Democratic Republic of the Congo). The first recorded case (NOTE: not the index case) was a Mabalo Lokela, a 44 year old school teacher just returning from a trip around Northern Zaire, who was examined at a hospital run by Belgian nuns. His high fever was diagnosed as possible malaria, therefore he was given a quinine shot. Lokela returned to the hospital every day. A week later, his symptoms included uncontrolled vomiting, severe diarrhea, headache, dizziness, and trouble breathing. Later, the bleeding began from his nose, mouth, and rectum. Mabalo Lokela died on September 8th, 1976, roughly 14 days after the onset of symptoms.

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Ebola hemorrhagic fever transmission and risk factors of contacts, Uganda - 1 - Research
From August 2000 through January 2001, a large epidemic of Ebola hemorrhagic fever occurred in Uganda, with 425 cases and 224 deaths. Starting from three laboratory-confirmed cases, we traced the c
Outbreak of Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever — Uganda, August 2000-January 2001 - Statistical Data Included
On October 8,2000, an outbreak of an unusual febrile illness with occasional hemorrhage and significant mortality was reported to the Ministry of Health ...
Outbreak of ebola viral hemorrhagic fever - Zaire, 1995
The city of Kikwit, Zaire, has seen at least 93 cases of viral hemorrhagic fever caused by the ebola virus since Apr 1995, and 92% of the cases have been ...
Update: outbreak of Ebola viral hemorrhagic fever - Zaire, 1995
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention received a report of an outbreak of viral hemorrhagic fever in the Kikwit region of Zaire on May 6, 1995.
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, Mauritania
From February to August 2003, 38 persons were infected with Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus in Mauritania; 35 of these persons were residents ...
Hemorrhagic fevers
Hemorrhagic fevers are caused by viruses that exist throughout the world. However, they are most common in tropical areas. Early symptoms, such as muscle ...
Update: outbreak of Ebola viral hemorrhagic fever - Zaire, 1995
By Jun 25, 1995, 296 cases of viral hemorrhagic fever caused by the Ebola virus were either confirmed or suspected in Zaire during 1995. Nearly one-third ...
Update: management of patients with suspected viral hemorrhagic fever - United States
Transmission of viral hemorrhagic fever is rapid, and the standards for treating patients who might have the disease reflect the need to contain the disease ...

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