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Enetophobia

Trypanophobia is the extreme and irrational fear of medical procedures involving injections or needles. It is occasionally referred to as aichmophobia, belonephobia, or enetophobia, names that are technically incorrect because they simply denote a “fear of pins/needles” and do not refer to the medical aspect of trypanophobia. The name that is in common usage is simply needle phobia, while the correct scientific term is trypanophobia. more...

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The condition was officially recognized in 1994 in the DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 4th edition) as a specific phobia of blood/injection/injury type. Phobic level responses to injections cause sufferers to avoid inoculations, blood tests and in the more severe cases, all medical care.

It is estimated that at least ten percent of American adults are trypanophobic, and it is likely that the actual number is larger, as the most severe cases are never documented due to the tendency of the sufferer to simply avoid all medical treatment.

Types of Trypanophobia

Although trypanophobia is defined simply as an extreme fear of medically related shots/injections, it appears in several varieties.

Vaso-Vagal Trypanophobia

Although most specific phobias stem from the individual themselves, the most common type of trypanophobia, affecting fifty percent of trypanophobes, is an inherited reflex. Approximately 80 % of trypanophobes report that a relative within the first degree exhibits the same disorder. People who suffer from vaso-vagal trypanophobia fear the sight, thought or feeling of needles or needle-like objects. The primary symptom of vaso-vagal trypanophobia is vaso-vagal syncope, or fainting due to loss of blood pressure. The physiological changes associated with this type of trypanophobia also include feeling faint, sweating, nausea, pallor, tinnitus, panic attacks and initially high blood pressure and heart rate followed by a plunge in both at the moment of injection. In this case, the patient is more likely to react passively as opposed to aggressively. Although most phobias are dangerous to some degree, trypanophobia is one of the few that actually kills. In cases of severe trypanophobia, the drop in blood pressure caused by the vaso-vagal shock reflex causes death. The best treatment strategy for this type of trypanophobia is desensitization or the progressive exposure of the patient to gradually more frightening stimuli, allowing them to become desensitized to the stimulus that triggers the phobic response.

Associative Trypanophobia

Associative Trypanophobia is the second most common type of trypanophobia, affecting thirty percent of needle phobes. This type of trypanophobia is the classic specific phobia in which a traumatic event such as an extremely painful medical procedure or witnessing a family member or friend undergo such, causes the patient to associate all procedures involving needles with the original negative experience. This form of trypanophobia causes symptoms that are primarily psychological in nature, such as extreme unexplained anxiety, insomnia, preoccupation with the coming procedure and panic attacks. Treatments that are effective for this form of trypanophobia include cognitive therapy, hypnosis, and/or the administration of anti-anxiety medications.

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Be Afraid...Nothing like real life to put a few puny costumes into
From Gazette, The (Colorado Springs), 10/25/99 by Kathryn Sosbe

In less than a week, the once-a-year collection of ghosts, goblins, witches and warlocks will be parading around town trying to scare the bejabbers out of us.

Kid stuff.

There's scarier things out there, baby.

We mean gut-wrenching, earth-shattering, split-your-eyeballs scary.

We figured we'd put things in perspective for you. Let the kids (no matter their ages) parade around dressed like Bill and Hillary.

We'll scare you more.

COME FLY WITH ME

With a little help from our friends at the Statistical Assessment Service, we give you reason to fear modern

transportation.

They tell us our odds of dying in a plane crash (based on flying 100,000 miles a year on large commercial jets) are about 1 in 500,000. Those of us left on the ground have a 1 in 25 million chance of being killed by a plane falling on us.

In 1994, according to the National Center for Health Statistics, there were only 723 air and space transport accident fatalities. On the other hand, there were 42,524 motor-vehicle fatalities.

"Since far more of us drive than fly, should our drivers licenses denote next of kin?" asks the Assessment Service.

They know how to make people feel good, don't they?

FIRE ANTS

Scientists have called them "the ants from hell" and "urban terorists" spread- ing through the southeastern United States at a rate of four to five miles a year.

That would put them in Colorado roughly by the year 2409.

That is, unless they hop a train or ride in with someone from Texas, where fire ants have spread into the eastern two- thirds of the state. (Don't scoff; they hitched a ride from South America to the States on cargo ships.)

They're nasty little critters, with bites that cause itchy, painful pimples. Animals and people alike have died from fire-ant bites.

The little pests are so good - uh, bad - that experts say the only way to eradicate them is to stop egg production by the queen ant.

Maybe you can invite her to dinner and fix her up with a killer fly.

Smaller than the size of a pin head, the fly keeps the ant in check by laying their eggs in the ant's head or thorax. After the eggs hatch, they feast on the ant's head tissue. Eventually the head falls off and the ant dies.

KILLER BEES

If you think killer ants and flies are scary, wait 'til you encounter killer bees.

These swarm-happy critters buzzed into the States in October 1990 and have since made themselves at home in Arizona, Texas and California.

These guys are aggressive and have killed animals and people.

OK, so they're not in Colorado. But they're in Arizona - a state that touches Colorado. Scary.

PINK FLAMINGOS

They never go away, no matter how tacky, because people can't resist the birthday jokes.

Like Jay O'Rear in East Calais, Vt. His sister and daughter decided to plant 50 of the plastic things in his yard in celebration of his 50th birthday.

Scary.

But what's worse, ol' Jay decided to share his story with the folks at Gardener's Supply Co. So what do they do?

They're making it EASIER for people to play a tacky joke on their loved ones by selling a SET OF 40 of the "genuine plastic" birds for $149. If that isn't enough, get a set of 50 for $175.

If you simply can't resist, you call the catalog at (800) 863- 1700 or on the Web at www.gardeners.com.

THE DOCTOR IS IN

You don a flimsy gown and wait on the table for a stranger to come in and poke and prod your body, then prescribe you drugs you cannot pronounce for ailments you don't necessarily understand.

How about the doctor in Tijuana who willingly amputated a man's healthy leg purely to satisfy a sexual fetish.

The fetish, known as "apotemnophilia," is the sexual desire to remove a limb because the person doesn't believe it should be part of his body.

BUILD IT; THEY WILL COME

Interstate 25.

Need we say more?

Yes, we do. About 120,000 vehicles drive I-25 through the Springs each day. In 20 years, that number could climb by 60,000. Rest assured at least half of them will be tailgaters.

ICK

Don't look now, but there's a nasty little animal with eight stubby legs hanging on your face.

Really.

It's the microscopic face mite, and it lives on just about every human in the world. It doesn't do any harm, but doesn't it give you the shivers?

SPEAKING OF GERMS

Go ahead and plan your shopping trip.

First, you grab the cart, which has been touched by people who don't wash their hands, by children whose diapers have, well, leaked, and sprayed by people coughing, hacking and gagging their way through the produce line.

You examine melons that have been squeezed by the guy who is not quite over the flu. You pick up the box of cereal that feels sticky.

The 1996 Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy learned that people don't wash their hands as often as they should.

To learn this, they observed people's public restroom habits. Nearly a third of those folks did not wash their hands after using the bathroom.

Not washing hands results in the spread of germs that cause infections "ranging from the common cold to diarrhea," say the experts.

So imagine the meat cutter, the mother who just changed a dirty diaper and the sickly office worker whose runny nose is controlled by swiping his hand across his face.

Scared?

You should be.

ARE YOU A PHOBIA PHREAK?

If you suffer from testophobia - a fear of taking tests - then you want to turn right away to the Hints from Heloise column. But if you're brave enough, take our test on phobias. The source: The Phobia List, from Fredd Culbertson's Web site (www.sonic.net/ fredd/ phobiz1.html

1. Ranidaphobia:

a) fear of rain

b) fear of radiation

c) fear of frogs

d) fear of humidity

2. Pteronophobia:

a) fear of being tickled by feathers

b) fear of flying

c) fear of pterodactyl fossils

d) fear of skunks

3. Rupophobia:

a) fear of rubies

b) fear of RuPaul

c) fear of dirt

d) fear of floods

4. Atychiphobia:

a) fear of bees

b) fear of beets

c) fear of smiling

d) fear of failure

5. Bathophobia:

a) fear of depth

b) fear of bathing

c) fear of death

d) fear of dishwashers

6. Chaetophobia:

a) fear of cheating

b) fear of hair

c) fear of staring

d) fear of cheetahs

7. Dentophobia:

a) fear of dentures

b) fear of dentists

c) fear of driving

d) fear of trees

8. Enetophobia:

a) fear of work

b) fear of hairspray

c) fear of beer

d) fear of pins

9. Gymnophobia:

a) fear of gymnastics

b) fear of nudity

c) fear of rubber

d) fear of laughter

10. Hoplophobia:

a) fear of firearms

b) fear of lameness

c) fear of grasshoppers

d) fear of forests

PHOBIAS IN DEPTH

Just in time for your Halloween giving, here's a book that's billed as "the perfect gift for every neurotic on your list." It's the "Pop-up Book of Phobias" (Rob Weisbach Books, $24.95), a creative approach to portraying some common fears. Open up the page to "ophidiophobia," and a bunch of snakes come leaping off the page. The "coulrophobia" page pops up with an evil-looking clown that could trigger an epidemic of coulrophobia.

Copyright 1999
Provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company. All rights Reserved.

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