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Exophthalmos

Exophthalmos is a bulging of the eye anteriorly out of the orbit. Exophthalmos can be either bilateral (as is often seen in Grave's Disease) or unilateral (as is often seen in an orbital tumor). Measurement of the degree of exophthalmos is performed using an exophthalmometer. Complete or partial dislocation from the orbit is also possible from trauma or swelling of surrounding tissue resulting from trauma. more...

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In the case of Graves Disease, the displacement of the eye is due to abnormal connective tissue deposition in the orbit and extraocular muscles (Epstein et al, 2003) which can be visualized by CT or MRI.

If left untreated, exophthalmos can causes the eye lids to fail to close during sleep leading to corneal damage. The process that is causing the displacement of the eye may also compress the optic nerve or ophthalmic artery leading to blindness.

Exophthalmos vs. proptosis

Some sources define "exophthalmos" as a protrusion of the globe greater than 18mm and "proptosis" as a protusion equal to or less than 18mm. (Epstein et al, 2003). Others define "exophthalmos" as protusion secondary to endocrine dysfunction and "proptosis" as any non-endocrine-mediated protusion .

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Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine : Exophthalmos $2.30 Craniofacial surgery and optic canal decompression in adult fibrous dysplasia.(Short Report) : An article from: Neurology India $5.95
Selected topics on Graves' Disease: Graves' Exophthalmos (Medical Grand Rounds) Carotid-cavernous fistula
Xanthomatosis and the reticulo-endothelial system: Correlation of an unidentified group of cases described as defects in membranous bones, exophthalmos and diabetes insipidus (Christian's Syndrome) Types of orbital abscess and exophthalmos due to intranasal suppurative processes
Methodological studies on experimental exophthalmos Endocrine exophthalmos: Effects of thyrotropin preparations and the thyroxin isomers, quantitative evaluations in guinea pigs (Acta ophthalmologica ; supplementum)
Case of proptosis, first of one and then of the other eye, in association with enlargement of various glands Albuminuria in cases of vascular bronchocele and exophthalmos: Read before the Medico-Chirurgical Society of Edinburgh, 4th March

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