Ipratropium chemical structure
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Ipratropium bromide

Ipratropium is an anticholinergic drug (trade name: Atrovent®) administered by inhalation for the treatment of obstructive lung diseases. It acts by blocking muscarinic receptors in the lung, inhibiting bronchoconstriction and mucus secretion. more...

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Clinical uses

Ipratropium has respiratory effects similar to atropine but since it is poorly absorbed into the blood, it has few side effects (such as tachycardia) at therapeutic doses.

It is available under the trade names Alti-Ipratropium (AltiMed), Apo-Ipravent (Apotex), Atrovent Inhalation Aerosol (Boehringer Ingelheim), Atrovent Inhalation Solution (Boehringer Ingelheim), Atrovent Nasal Spray (Boehringer Ingelheim), Gen-Ipratropium (Genpharm), Novo-Ipramide (Novopharm), Nu-Ipratropium (Nu-Pharm), PMS-Ipratropuim (Pharmascience).

Sources

  • Brenner, G. M. (2000). Pharmacology. Philadelphia, PA: W.B. Saunders Company. ISBN 0-7216-7757-6
  • Canadian Pharmacists Association (2000). Compendium of Pharmaceuticals and Specialties (25th ed.). Toronto, ON: Webcom. ISBN 0-919115-76-4

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Delivery Of Albuterol/Ipratropium Bromide By Pressurized Metered Dose Inhaler Via Small Volume Holding Chambers : A Comparative Invitro Assessment - VHCS
From CHEST, 10/1/00 by J P Mitchell

J P Mitchell(*); S-L Bates; K J Wiersema; M W Nagel; R W Morton mid J N Schmidt. Trudell Medical International, London, ON, Canada.

PURPOSE: To compare the performance of a new small volume VHC (AeroChamber[TM]-Plus - 149 ml- Monaghan Medical Corp, Plattsburgh, NY) with a larger VHC (OptiChamber[R] - 218 ml, Respironics, Cedar Grove, NJ) for the delivery of a combination [Beta]-agonist/anticholinergic formulation for the treatment of COPD (Combivent[R] 103 [micro]g/dose albuterol sulfate (SAL) + 18 [micro]g/dose ipratropium bromide (IPR) ex actuator mouthpiece (Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc).

METHODS: Fine particle dose (FPD, particles [is less than] 4.7 [micro]m aerodynamic diameter) and total emitted dose (ED) were determined for each VHC (n = 5 devices for each group) by Andersen 8-stage impactor, operating at 28.3 [+ or -] 0.5 L/min. The quantities of SAL and IPR components collected in the impactor were determined by HPLC-UV spectrophotometry.

RESULTS: FPD and ED (% of label claim dose) were as follows. AeroChamber[TM]-Plus VHC: SAL - 56.2 [+ or -] 3.6%, 59.7 [+ or -] 4.1%; IPR - 47.0 [+ or -] 4.5%, 51.0 [+ or -] 5.0%, OptiChamber[R] VHC: SAL - 41.1 [+ or -] 3.3%, 43.5 [+ or -] 3.1%; IPR - 35.0 [+ or -] 6.0%, 38.0 [+ or -] 7.0%. The AeroChamber[TM]-Plus VHCs delivered significantly more of both components as either FPD or ED [unpaired t-test, p [is less than or equal to] 0.001].

CONCLUSION: Increased chamber volume does not necessarily correlate with improved FPD or ED with this formulation. Other considerations, such as internal geometry and inhalation valve design contribute to performance by controlling internal aerosol losses.

CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: The differences observed with these specific devices may have significant clinical implications that require further study.

GRANT SUPPORT: Supported by Trudell Medical International

COPYRIGHT 2000 American College of Chest Physicians
COPYRIGHT 2001 Gale Group

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