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Locked-In syndrome

Locked-In syndrome is a condition in which a patient is aware and awake, but cannot move or communicate due to complete paralysis of the body. It is the result of a brain stem stroke in which the ventral part of the brain stem is damaged. It results in quadriplegia and inability to speak in otherwise cognitively intact individuals. Those with Locked-In syndrome may be able to communicate with others by coding messages by blinking or moving their eyes, which are not affected by the paralysis. more...

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Locked-in syndrome is also known as Cerebromedullospinal Disconnection, De-Efferented State, Pseudocoma, and ventral pontine syndrome. Unlike persistent vegetative state, in which the upper portions of the brain are damaged and the lower portions are spared, locked-in syndrome is caused by damage to specific portions of the lower brain and brainstem with no damage to the upper brain.

Patients who have Locked-In Syndrome are fully aware. They will know exactly where their arms and legs are, and unlike paralyzed patients, they can still feel sensations of pain and touch. Some patients may have the ability to move certain facial muscles. The majority of locked-in syndrome patients do not regain motor control, but several devices are available to help patients communicate.

Patients with locked-in syndrome report feeling mostly tranquil, and some report feeling a little sad. This is contrary to the panic and terror that would be expected in people who cannot move or speak. This finding indicates that emotions are due to interpretations of bodily sensations. Since those who are locked-in have no bodily feeling, the brain fails to receive feedback indicative of alarm.

Parisian journalist Jean-Dominique Bauby had a stroke in 1995, and when he awoke 20 days later he found that his body had all but stopped working: he could only control his left eyelid. By blinking his eye he dictated a word at a time and in this way he wrote The Diving Bell and the Butterfly.

This syndrome was a plot point of the CSI: NY series premiere episode "Blink."


The original version of this article contained text from the NINDS public domain pages on TBI at

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Inter-Korean economic talks locked in impasse
From Asian Political News, 5/27/03

SEOUL, May 21 Kyodo

Inter-Korean economic talks were locked in an impasse Wednesday after North Korea warned of ''unspeakable disaster'' if the South moves toward a confrontational position over the North's nuclear weapons program.

The economic talks started Tuesday at a hotel in Pyongyang to discuss reactivation of inter-Korean business projects, but did not resume Wednesday, according to a South Korean news pool report.

''Unless the North gives us a satisfactory response on these matters, there will be complications,'' said Cho Myoung Gyun, a Unification Ministry official and also a South Korean delegate for the talks.

Cho was referring to the North's threatening remarks and its releasing of the content of its chief delegate's speech at the closed session meeting.

The report said Cho called on the North to apologize for releasing the speech despite a previous agreement not to publicly disclose what was said in the talks.

The North's official Korean Central News Agency (KCNA) on Tuesday quoted chief delegate Park Chang Ryon, vice chairman of the State Planning Commission, as saying at the start of Tuesday's talks, ''If the South turns to confrontation, talking about 'nuclear issue' and 'additional measures,' it would sustain an unspeakable disaster.''

South Korea's chief delegate, Vice Finance and Economy Minister Kim Gwang Lim, strongly protested Park's remarks, saying they constitute a threat, as well as the North's making public the content of the closed-door session.

Park's warning was the North's first reaction to last week's summit between South Korean President Roh Moo Hyun and U.S. President George W. Bush in Washington, in which they agreed on the need to keep the Korean Peninsula nuclear-free and to achieve a peaceful resolution to the nuclear dispute.

The two leaders also agreed to consider ''further steps'' if the North escalates tensions over the nuclear issue.

On Wednesday, North Korea's official daily Rodong Sinmun called the wording of the Seoul-Washington joint statement ''a very dangerous move to increase the danger of a nuclear war on the Korean Peninsula.''

''Any 'further steps' mentioned in the 'joint statement' are bound to entail unpredictable consequences on the Korean Peninsula. In that case, the U.S. and the South side will have to be held fully accountable for them,'' said the report, which was carried by KCNA.

In the economic talks that are scheduled to end Thursday, the two sides were to discuss construction of cross-border railways and roads, establishment of an industrial complex in the North and resumption of a tourism project in the North's Mt. Kumgang resort that was suspended last month due to concern about severe acute respiratory syndrome or SARS.

COPYRIGHT 2003 Kyodo News International, Inc.
COPYRIGHT 2003 Gale Group

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