Scurvy may cause gingival inflammation and hemorrhaging, a condition termed scorbutic gums.Scurvy may also cause an inflammation of the tongue and submucosal hemorrhaging, a condition termed scorbutic tongue.
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Scurvy

Scurvy is a disease that results from insufficient intake of vitamin C and leads to the formation of livid spots on the skin, spongy gums, and bleeding from almost all mucous membranes. The spots are most abundant on the thighs and legs, and a person with the ailment looks pale, feels depressed, and is partially immobilized. Scurvy was at one time common among sailors whose ships were out to sea longer than perishable fruits and vegetables could be stored and by soldiers who were similarly separated from these foods for extended periods. more...

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In infants, scurvy is sometimes referred to as Barlow's Disease, named after Sir Thomas Barlow (1845-1945), a British physician who first described it. Barlow's disease is different from Barlow's syndrome.

Scurvy is also known as Moeller's disease and Cheadle's disease.

Symptoms

Symptoms include:

  • weakness
  • joint pain
  • black-and-blue marks on the skin
  • gum disease
  • spongy gums

this is all caused by the lack of fresh fruit and veg


It takes about three months of vitamin C deprivation to begin inducing the symptoms of scurvy. Untreated scurvy is always fatal, but since all that is required for full recovery is the resumption of normal vitamin C intake, death by scurvy is rare in modern times.

History

Scurvy was probably first observed as a disease by Hippocrates. In the 13th century the Crusaders suffered from scurvy frequently, and it has inflicted terrible losses on both besieged and besieger in times of war. Scurvy was one of the limiting factors of marine travel, often killing large numbers of the passengers and crew on long-distance voyages. It even played a significant role in World War I.

The British civilian medical profession of 1614 knew that it was the acidic principal of citrus fruit which was lacking, although they considered any acid as acceptible when Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) was unavailable. In 1614 John Woodall (Surgeon General of the East India Company) published his book "The Surgion's Mate" as a handbook for apprentice surgeons aboard the companies ships. In it he describes scurvy as resulting from a dietry deficiency. His recommendation for its cure is Fresh Food or, if not available, Oranges,Lemons,Limes and Tamarinds, or as a last resort, Oil of Vitriol. (Sulphuric Acid)

However, it was not until 1747 that the treatment and prevention of scurvy by supplementation of the diet with citrus fruit such as lemons and limes was introduced into the British Navy by James Lind.

The plant known as "scurvy grass" acquired its name from the observation that it cured scurvy, but this was of no great help to those who spent months at sea. During sea voyages, it was discovered that sauerkraut was of use in preventing scurvy. In the Royal Navy's Arctic expeditions in the 19th century, for example, it was widely believed that scurvy was prevented by good hygiene on board ship, regular exercise, and maintaining the morale of the crew, rather than by a diet of fresh food, so that Navy expeditions continued to be plagued by scurvy even while fresh meat was well-known as a practical antiscorbutic among civilian whalers and explorers in the Arctic. At the time Robert Falcon Scott made his two expeditions to the Antarctic in the early 20th century, the prevailing medical theory was that scurvy was caused by "tainted" canned food. It was not until 1932 that the connection between vitamin C and scurvy was established.

Read more at Wikipedia.org


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Sid Meier's Pirates!
From Electronic Gaming Monthly, 9/1/05

Good: Simple and addictive gameplay

Bad: Some minigames get repetitive

Crew a Real Brig of War At: www.ladywashington.org

CRISPIN: Ship blasting, town sacking, cutlass slashing, lass romancing, treasure hunting—if it’s part of pirate pop culture, it’s plundered by Pirates!, a slightly tweaked port of the acclaimed PC action-role-playing game. But whether Pirates’ life really is for thee depends on how much you adore its grog-soaked subject matter (and I do), as well as your level of patience for playing the same few minigames over and over.

Like the classic computer game on which it’s based, Pirates! is more an amalgamation of fun little challenges strung together by a booty of miniquests and an overall plot to avenge your family’s nasty fate. Sword fights and ballroom dancing boil down to timed button presses. Sacking towns just takes a few minutes of strategic placement on a chess-piece battlefield. None of it’s hard (pick a trickier difficulty level, time period, or nationality to dodge a total cakewalk), and most of it’s fun...for a while. Eventually, my impatience with the same little games set in like seasickness, but the quests and fleet of ships and play-as-dastardly-as-you-dare piracy kept me from hopping overboard.

G. FORD: An open-ended game like Pirates! is dangerous for a player like me, someone who has that strange need to collect every shiny bauble a game hides and complete all insignificant side missions. I went two go-rounds to finally finish its primary revenge missions. But I didn’t mind, because its eclectic minigames and do-anything structure hooked me big time.

Once you learn the rules and choose the right difficulty, the sword fighting, city sacking, and ship blasting prove divine. Dancing and sneaking...not so much, and a waypoint system akin to that of GTA: San Andreas to keep your adventures in order would’ve been handy, but any pirate life has its compromises.

DEMIAN: At this point, I’d like to stress that a score of 6.5 is above average. Because Pirates! is definitely an above-average game—I was totally hooked on it for a while, even staying up late to pillage just one more town or sink one more hapless Spanish trade galleon.

Unfortunately, sometimes I was also up late playing the “dance with the governor’s daughter” minigame, the mind numbingness of which infects Pirates! like an aggressive strain of scurvy. I love the game’s open-ended format and even its basic premise, but most of the minigames (not just the dancing one—I’m also sending the rapier battles and stealth bits to the stockade) are repetitive and, well, a bit crap, honestly. It’s worth playing, but save your doubloons until you can get it for a steal.

Publisher: 2K Games

Developer: Firaxis

Players: 1-4

ESRB: Everyone

www.2kgames.com

Good: Enriches the characters of the popular anime

Bad: Short, easy, simplistic

In Anime Terms: Filler episode

8.0 8.5 6.5

The verdicts (out of 10)

Crispin

G. Ford

Demian

Copyright © 2005 Ziff Davis Media Inc. All Rights Reserved. Originally appearing in Electronic Gaming Monthly.

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