Chemical structure of stavudine.
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Stavudine

Stavudine (2'-3'-didehydro-2'-3'-dideoxythymidine, d4T, brand name ZeritĀ®) is a nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NARTI) active against HIV. more...

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History

Stavudine was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in Jun 24, 1994 for adults and in Sep 6, 1996 for pediatric use and again as an extended-release version for once-a-day dosing in 2001. The fourth antiretroviral drug on the market, its patent will expire in the United States on 2008-06-25.

Mechanism of ation

Stavudine is an analog of thymidine. It is phosphorylated by cellular kinases into active triphosphate. Stavudine triphosphate inhibits the reverse transcriptase by competing with natural substrate, thymidine triphosphate. It also causes termination of DNA synthesis by incorporating into it.

The oral absorption rate of stavudine is over 80 %. Approximately half of stavudine is actively secreted unchanged into the urine and the other half is eliminated through endogenic pathways. Simultaneous use of AZT is not recommended, for AZT can inhibit the intracellular phosphorylation of stavudine. Other anti-HIV drugs do not possess this property. The main severe side effect is peripheral neuropathy, which can be corrected by reducing dosage. Stavudine has been shown in laboratory test to be genotoxic, but with clinical doses its carcinogenic effects are non-existent.

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Stavudine is tied to fatal lactic acidosis. (Over 40 Cases Reported).(Brief Article) : An article from: Internal Medicine News $5.95

STAVUDINE - Zerit
Stavudine is supplied in 15 mg, 20 mg, 30 mg and 40 mg capsules, and as an oral solution. The 30 and 40 mg capsules are most often dispensed. The 40 ...
d4T and lactic acidosis with neuromuscular weakness: FDA warning - Brief Article
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration emailed the following warning on March 1, 2002. The FDA also reported this information at the 9th Conference on ...
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis septicemia and HIV
Two cases of community-acquired septicemia caused by serotype-O1 Yersinia pseudotuberculosis were diagnosed in middle-aged, HIV-positive, immunodeficient ...
Lactic Acidosis in Pregnancy - Brief Article
Three cases of fatal lactic acidosis occurred in pregnant women who used stavudine and didanosine with other anti-HIV drugs, the Food and Drug Administration ...
Mycotic brain abscess caused by opportunistic reptile pathogen
To the Editor: A 38-year-old, HIV-seropositive Nigerian man sought treatment with an 8-month history of severe parietal headache, impaired memory, fatigue, ...
d4T plus ddl: Warning for Pregnant Women
On January 5 the FDA and Bristol Myers Squibb warned healthcare professionals about cases of lactic acidosis, which can be fatal, in pregnant women using d4T (Zerit[R]) plus ddI (Videx[R]) as part
ANALYSIS OF HIV-TYPE 1 PROTEASE AND REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE IN BRAZILIAN CHILDREN FAILING HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY (HAART)*
SUMMARY The aim of this study was to evaluate the genotypic resistance profiles of HIV-1 in children failing highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).
Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the frontal sinus: case report and review of the literature
Abstract Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the sinonasal tract is an uncommon lesion, representing 1.5 to 15% of all lymphomas. Most cases of primary non-Hodgkin's ...

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