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Strep throat

Strep throat (or "Streptococcal pharyngitis", or "Streptococcal sore throat") is a form of Group A streptococcal infection that affects the pharynx. more...

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Symptoms

The signs and symptoms of strep throat are red, sore throat with white patches on tonsils, swollen lymph nodes in neck, fever, and headache. Nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain are more common in children. The patient will usually not have a cough, unlike in a viral infection or coldlike symptoms including stuffy noses and sneezing.

Transmission

The illness is caused by the bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes and is spread by direct, close contact with patients via respiratory droplets (coughing or sneezing). Casual contact rarely results in transmission. Rarely, contaminated food, especially milk and milk products, can result in outbreaks. Untreated patients are most infectious for 2-3 weeks after onset of infection. Incubation period, the period after exposure and before symptoms show up, is 2-4 days. Patient is no longer infectious within 24 hours of commencing treatment.

Diagnosis

The throat of the patient is swabbed for culture or for a rapid strep test (5 to 10 min) which can be done in the doctor's office. A rapid test tests for the presence of typical bacterial antigens in the swab, which are detected by specific antibodies provided in the kit. If the rapid test is negative (=normal), a follow-up culture (which takes 24 to 48 h) may be performed. A negative culture suggests a viral infection, in which case antibiotic treatment should be withheld or discontinued.

In the UK, rapid strep testing is not available to general practitioners and a clinical decision must be made whether to treat, whilst awaiting upto 7 days for a swab result to be reported. This is criticized for encouraging overuse of antibiotics (see antibiotic resistance).

Treatment

Antibiotic treatment will reduce symptoms slightly, minimize transmission, and reduce the likelihood of complications. Treatment consists of penicillin (orally for 10 days; or a single intramuscular injection of penicillin G). Erythromycin is recommended for penicillin-allergic patients. Second-line antibiotics include amoxicillin, clindamycin, and oral cephalosporins. Although symptoms subside within 4 days even without treatment, it is very important to start treatment within 10 days of onset of symptoms, and to complete the full course of antibiotics to prevent rheumatic fever, a rare but serious complication.

Amoxicillin should be avoided for treatment of a sore throat if bacterial (swab) confirmation has not been obtained since it causes a distinctive rash if the true illness proves to be glandular fever, better known as mononucleosis. This rash is harmless but alarming.

Read more at Wikipedia.org


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Strep throat
From Ebony, 4/1/05

Q My daughter, who is 7, has a friend whom she spends a lot of time with. Unfortunately, her friend was recently diagnosed with strep throat. I'm so scared because I don't know if my daughter might be infected. Is it contagious and how severe is it?

E.M., New York

A Strep throat, a rather common condition among children, can be passed from person to person very easily, doctors say. When an infected person breathes, sneezes or coughs, tiny droplets containing the strep bacteria are released into the air and are inhaled by others.

Symptoms associated with strep throat (fever, white or yellow spots or coating on the throat or tonsils, swollen or tender lymph nodes on the neck) usually develop between two to five days. A person is most contagious while symptoms are present, and if the condition is untreated, the infected person may be contagious for two to three weeks, even though symptoms may clear up before then.

Doctors say antibiotics are effective in helping to relieve the symptoms, but the condition will run its course in 3 to 7 days with or without treatment.

COPYRIGHT 2005 Johnson Publishing Co.
COPYRIGHT 2005 Gale Group

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