Thiamine mononitrateThiamine pyrophosphate (TPP)
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Thiamine

Thiamine or thiamin, also known as vitamin B1, is a colorless compound with chemical formula C12H17N4OS. It is soluble in water and insoluble in alcohol. Thiamine decomposes if heated. more...

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Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) is a coenzyme for pyruvate dehydrogenase, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase and transketolase. The first two of these enzymes function in the metabolism of carbohydrates, while transketolase functions in the pentose phosphate pathway to synthesize NADPH and the pentose sugars deoxyribose and ribose. Systemic thiamine deficiency can lead to myriad problems including neurodegeneration, wasting, and death. Well-known syndromes caused by lack of thiamine due to malnutrition or a diet high in thiaminase-rich foods include Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome and beriberi, diseases also common in chronic abusers of alcohol.

Genetic diseases of thiamine transport are rare but serious. Thiamine Responsive Megaloblastic Anemia with diabetes mellitus and sensorineural deafness (TRMA) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the gene SLC19A2, a high affinity thiamine transporter. TRMA patients do not show signs of systemic thiamine deficiency, suggesting redundancy in the thiamine transport system. This has led to the discovery of a second high affinity thiamine transporter, SLC19A3.

Thiamine was first discovered by Umetaro Suzuki in Japan when researching how rice bran cured patients of Beriberi. He named it aberic acid.

The only known cases of thiamine overdose occurred with thiamine injections.


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Stability of thiamine in extemporaneously compounded suspensions
From International Journal of Pharmaceutical Compounding, 9/1/05 by Foy, Elizabeth

STABILITY Stability of thiamine in extemporaneously compounded suspensions. Ensom MH, Decarie D. Can J Hosp Pharm 2005; 58(1): 26-30.

Suspensions of thiamine 100 mg/mL, in a vehicle of equal parts of Ora-Sweet and Ora-Plus, stored at 4° and 25°C for up to 91 days in amber plastic prescription bottles, were evaluated for stability. Suspensions were tested on a weekly basis, by the same investigator, for changes in physical characteristics. Changes described as "slight" occurred in odor, taste, and color between days 14 and 21, but these characteristics remained stable for the rest of the test period. Viscosity was constant throughout the study period and precipitates were noted to be easily resuspended with no clumping or caking of material. Minimal fluctuations in pH were noted: mean pH (± standard deviation) of weekly samples was 3.00 ± 0.16 for suspensions stored at 4°C and 2.90 ± 0.20 for those stored at 25°C. Highperformance liquid chromatographic analysis showed that at least 90% of the initial concentration was maintained throughout the 91 days at both storage temperatures. It was reported that "these results led to changes at the authors' hospital [Children's and Women's Health Centre of British Columbia] for extemporaneous compounding of thiamine suspensions, and the expiration date has been extended from 8 days to 3 months."

Copyright International Journal of Pharmaceutical Compounding Sep/Oct 2005
Provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company. All rights Reserved

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