Clorazepate chemical structure
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Tranxene

Clorazepate (brand name: Tranxene®) is a member of the group of drugs called benzodiazepines. Benzodiazepines are prescribed by general practitioners and psychiatrists in the treatment of anxiety disorders and insomnia. They may also be prescribed as anticonvulsants and muscle relaxants. In the twenty-first century, clorazepate is principally prescribed in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal and epilepsy, though of course it is a useful anxiolytic because of its long half-life. The normal starting dosage range of clorazepate is 15-60 mg 2-4 x per day. Dosages as high as 90-120 mg per day may be used in the treatment of acute alcohol withdrawal. Clorazepate is available in 3.75, 7.5, and 15 mg capsules or tablets. more...

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Clorazepate SD (controlled release) is available in 11.25 and 22.5 mg tablets. Clorazepate SD is only prescribed when the patient has become adjusted to a certain dosage, and is taken once a day. Clorazepate is available in generic form. Clorazepate begins to act on the central nervous system within one or two hours, and its effects may be felt for an entire day or longer in some individuals. It is contraindicated for those with impaired renal or hepatic function. Clorazepate is listed under Schedule IV of the Controlled Substances Act and is as highly addictive as the other benzodiazepines. Clorazepate was approved for use in the United States by the Food and Drug Administration in 1972.

Interactions

All sedatives are likely to magnify the effects of Tranxene on the central nervous system. Cimetidine inhibits breakdown of clorazepate, and leads to increased levels of the drug in the system.

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Driving under the influence - hazards of taking benzodiazepines - Brief Article
From Harvard Health Letter, 9/1/97

Mile per mile, the rate of car accidents among older

folks is twice as high as that for middle-age drivers

and is outpaced only by the rate of the under-25

crowd. Slowed reaction times, joint impairment,

and visual disturbances are often to blame. But a

new study highlights an oft-overlooked hazard: driving

while taking benzodiazepines, a class of medications

used to treat insomnia and anxiety.

When researchers at McGill University in Montreal

examined the driving records of nearly 225,000

people aged 67-84, they found a 45% increase in the

rate of injury causing car accidents among drivers

who had begun taking benzodiazepines a week

earlier. During this time, people are getting used to

such side effects as drowsiness and impaired reflexes

and motor skills. The accident rate remained 26%

higher even for those who had taken benzodiazepines

for as long as a year, compared with their

peers who were not on the medications.

Clonazepam (Klonopin), diazepam (Valium),

clorazepate (Tranxene), chlordiazepoxide

(Libritabs), and flurazepam (Dalmane) were

all associated with elevated accident rates. These

long-lasting drugs tend to stay in the bloodstream

and exert their effects for more than 24 hours.

Short-acting benzodiazepines, on the other hand,

usually wear off more quickly. These include alprazolam

(Xanax), lorazepam (Ativan), and triazolam

(Halcion).

Older people who regularly take long-acting

benzodiazepines may want to talk with a doctor

about switching to short-acting varieties, particularly

if the drug is being used to treat insomnia.

Those who take a short-acting form to treat anxiety

during waking hours, however, should also

exercise caution when getting behind the

wheel. The effects of this type are usually most

intense the first few hours after it is taken.

Finally, long-acting benzodiazepine users should

not alter their drug regimen without consulting a

doctor. Many of the medications are addictive, and

sudden withdrawal can lead to seizures or severe

anxiety attacks. (Journal of the American

Medical Association, July 2, 1997, pp. 27-31.)

COPYRIGHT 1997 Copyright by President and Fellows of Harvard College. All Rights Reserved
COPYRIGHT 2004 Gale Group

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