Zolpidem chemical structure
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Zolpidem

Zolpidem is a prescription drug used for the short-term treatment of insomnia (sleeping pill). It works quickly (usually within 15 minutes) and has a short half-life (2-3 hours), but will last longer in patients with hepatic failure. Some trade names of zolpidem are Ambien®, Stilnox®, Stilnoct®, or Myslee®. Its sedative effects are similar to those of the benzodiazepines, but it is actually classified as an imidazopyridine, and the anticonvulsant and muscle relaxant effects only appear at 10 and 20 times the dose required for sedation, respectively. more...

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For that reason, it has never been approved for either muscle relaxation or seizure prevention. Such drastically increased doses are likely to induce one or more negative side effects, including hallucinations and/or amnesia.

The patent on zolpidem is held by the French pharmacutical corporation Sanofi-Aventis.

Uses

Zolpidem is approved for the short-term treatment of insomnia, but it has been studied for nightly use up to six months in a single-blind, open-label trial published in 1991, an open-label study lasting 180 days published in 1992 (with continued efficacy in patients who had kept taking it as of 180 days after the end of the trial), and in an open-label trial lasting 179 days published in 1993.

The United States Air Force uses zolpidem under trade name Ambien® as "no-go pills" to help the pilots sleep after the mission; another drug used for the same purpose is temazepam (Restoril®). (Cf. the "go-pills", amphetamine served under the name Dexedrine® as a stimulant for the pilots, or its recent modafinil (Provigil®) replacement).

It is also used off-label to treat restless leg syndrome.

As is the case with many prescription sedative/hypnotic drugs, zolpidem is sometimes used by stimulant users to "come down" after the use of stimulants such as methamphetamine, cocaine, methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), or pharmaceutical amphetamines.

Mechanism of action

In 1990, Pritchett and Seeburg noted that zolpidem binds with high affinity to the α1-, and with medium affinity to the α2- and α3-GABAA receptor subunits, and found that it had no affinity for the α5 subunit. Two years later, zolpidem was noted to have a high affinity for ω1-benzodiazepine receptors, a low affinity for ω2 and a very low affintity for ω3, respectively by Ruano et al in 1992. In other words, it has the highest affinity for ω1 binding sites on α-1GABAA receptor subunits, and it is this that mediates its sedative and weak anticonvulsant properties.

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Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine : Anti-insomnia drugs $5.50 Business Wire : NovaDel Releases Positive Results of Pilot Pharmacokinetic Study of Zolpidem Tartrate. $5.95
Zolpidem dependence.(Case Reports) : An article from: Indian Journal of Pharmacology $5.95 Intermittent zolpidem dosing works for insomnia. (3-Month Randomized, Controlled Study). : An article from: Clinical Psychiatry News $5.95
Intermittent dosing of zolpidem safe and effective for insomnia. (Three-Month Study). : An article from: Internal Medicine News $5.95 Gale Encyclopedia of Cancer : Zolpidem $1.50
Effect of zolpidem on driving ability.(EVIDENCE-BASED PSYCHIATRIC MEDICINE) : An article from: Clinical Psychiatry News $5.95 Zolpidem for postanoxic spasticity.(Case Report) : An article from: Southern Medical Journal $5.95
Imidazopyridines in Sleep Disorders: A Novel Experimental and Therapeutic Approach (L.E.R.S. Monograph Series, Vol 6) $58.00

Zolpidem dependence
Byline: Ravindra. Rao, M. Sameer Insomnia has emerged as an important condition afflicting human population.[1] Apart from behavioral intervention, ...
Effect of zolpidem on the efficacy of nasal continuous positive airway pressure as treatment of obstructive sleep apnea
PURPOSE: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients using CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure) are frequently prescribed BZRA-(Benzodiazepine receptor ...
Differential effects in humans after repeated administrations of zolpidem and triazolam
Zolpidem, a commonly prescribed hypnotic, is an imidazopyridine that purportedly has a unique benzodiazepine-receptor binding profile. Despite its unique ...
Hepatotoxicity associated with zolpidem treatment
Zolpidem is a hypnotic drug of the imidazopyridine group. Another imidazopyridine, alpidem, has been withdrawn from the market because of its hepatotoxicity.[1 ...
Effects of repeated administration of zolpidem on sleep, diurnal and nocturnal respiratory function, vigilance, and physical performance in patients with
Study objective: To assess the effects of repeated 10-mg oral doses of zolpidem on diurnal and nocturnal respiratory function, as well as on diurnal vigilance ...
Zolpidem tartrate and somnambulism
A case is reported in which a patient experienced somnambulistic episodes only after taking zolpidem tartrate for insomnia. Previous to the patient's use of zolpidem tartrate he had never experienced
Get a good night's sleep: use our 10 simple and effective strategies for getting well rested and more revved
If you wake up every morning feeling refreshed and ready to roll, you can skip this article. But if you're like tens of millions of Americans, you're ...
Zolpidem
Definition Zolpidem is a medicine that helps a person get to sleep and stay asleep. The brand name of zolpidem in the U.S. is Ambien. Purpose ...

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