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Oxymetholone

Oxymetholone (Anadrol), is a synthetic anabolic steroid developed by Syntex in 1960. Its primary clinical applications include treatment of osteoporosis and anaemia, as well as stimulating muscle growth in undernourished or underdeveloped patients. The drug was approved for human use by the FDA. However, later non-steroidal drugs such as Epogen were developed and proven to be more effective as a treatment for anaemia and osteoporosis without the side-effects of oxymtholone. more...

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The drug remained available despite this, and eventually found a new use in treating HIV wasting syndrome. While classified as a Schedule III drug under the Controlled Substances Act, it remains available via prescription as Anadrol (registered as a trademark of Unimed Pharmaceuticals.)

Presented most commonly as a 50mg tablet, Oxymetholone is the strongest androgenic steroid available. Similarly, it also poses the greatest risk of side effects of any steroid. Despite very low binding affinity with the androgen receptor, oxymetholone is highly effective in promoting extensive gains in body mass, mostly by greatly improving muscular water retention. For this reason, it is often used illegally by bodybuilders and athletes. Many athletes also use Oxymetholone as a method of protection for the joints under heavy loads. Due to the high water retention users experience from this drug, it similarily lubricates the joints and helps protect them from injury.

Side effects

The side-effects of short-term use of the drug itself include nausea, bloating, acne, and masculinising effects such as deepening of the voice, growth of facial hair and clitoral hypertrophy . In addition, oxymetholone is readily aromatized by aromatase to form a progestagen, and unless selective estrogen receptor modulators such as Nolvadex or Clomid are taken in conjunction with the drug, there is a significant risk of the appearance of estrogenic effects such as gynaecomastia over time. Because of its 17α-alkylated structure, oxymetholone is highly hepatoxic. Long term use of the drug can cause a variety of serious ailments, including hepatitis, liver cancer, and cirrhosis. It is very dangerous to take Oxymetholone in high dosages for periods of time exceeding six weeks, and is commonly used by bodybuilders during the start of a steroid cycle to help gain mass and increase serum levels of androgens quickly.

Use with other steroids

To further increase its effectiveness as an anabolic agent, bodybuilders typically stack (see steroid stack) oxymetholone with other anabolic steroids. Since it is already a very potent androgen, many users will combine it with drugs such as nandrolone, Boldenone and Oxandrolone to further their gains.

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Supplements risky business for players
From Gazette, The (Colorado Springs), 9/8/04 by FRANK SCHWAB THE GAZETTE

ENGLEWOOD - Steroids and supplements have become practically interchangeable terms by NFL fans and the NFL, which has sections regarding supplements in its steroid policy.

In fact, the NFL probably wouldn't mind if supplements went away for good.

"For your own health and success in the league, we strongly encourage you to avoid the use of supplements altogether, or at the very least to be extremely careful about what you choose to take," the NFL and NFL Players Association said in a co-authored statement on the NFLPA's Web site.

But supplements are part of the scene after any Broncos workout. Defensive end Bryant McNeal drinks a protein shake after lifting weights. Cornerback Lenny Walls has a sports drink with electrolytes added to it. Linebacker Terry Pierce talks about the seven multi- vitamins he takes daily.

Unlike steroids, some supplements are legal, help athletes without dire side effects and are readily available to the public in stores. Supplements themselves, which enhance a player's nutrition before or after workouts when used properly, aren't necessarily the problem. For many, it is a way to get a boost of protein or vitamins to accentuate the work they've done in the weight room.

The trepidation is over taking a supplement with a banned substance in it, and there are many that have been outlawed. The NFLPA lists 34 anabolic steroids, 19 masking agents and six stimulants on its main list of banned substances. If a player tests positive for one, he is immediately suspended for four games.

Players such as Carolina Panthers defensive end Julius Peppers, former Chicago Bears quarterback Jim Miller and former Pittsburgh Steelers and Broncos safety Lee Flowers were suspended for violating the policy. All said afterward that they took a nutritional supplement that they did not know had a banned substance in it.

Flowers said last year he bought some vitamins at a well-known store that sells nutritional supplements. He said he tested positive for ephedra, although it was not listed on the bottle's ingredients. The Broncos released Flowers after his suspension was over, and he never played for Denver.

The ephedra Flowers took could have shown up in the ingredients under another name, such as Ma Huan, or the label may not have been accurate. In the NFLPA's warning about supplements, one of its main concerns is that the government doesn't regulate or monitor supplements.

"I would not tell a player to go to a nutritional store and get something because you don't know what's in it," Broncos strength and conditioning coach Rich Tuten said. "You don't know. There might be something disguised in there that has ephedra in it, and then you test positive."

The NFL has taken steps to help players feel safe about taking supplements. The league instituted a "Supplement Certification Program" in January, in which an independent organization tests supplements from participating companies before they hit the market and randomly after they are in stores to verify the accuracy of the ingredients and make sure no banned substances are included.

A few months after the program was instituted, EAS was the only company that passed all the tests. The Coloradobased company provided nutritional supplements to NFL teams, including protein - rich shakes, powders and snack bars.

If the supplements are administered and monitored properly, it could help players with their offseason workout regimen without worrying about getting a four-game suspension from the league for testing positive for a banned substance.

"Our view, and I think it's shared by the league and the (players association), is that improved nutrition is the next major area of development for athletes," said Chip Bellamy, general counsel for EAS. "They all know about strength training, and many of them don't know or pay enough attention to nutrition."

CONTACT THE WRITER: 476-4891 or fschwab@gazette.com

BANNED SUBSTANCES

The following substances areprohibited by the NFL:

Anabolic/androgenic steroids

Androstenediol (Androstederm)

Androstenedione (Androstan, Androtex)

Bolasterone (Myagen)

Boldenone (Equipoise, Parenabol)

Clostebol (Turinabol, Steranabol)

Danazol (Cyclomen, Danatrol)

Dehydrochlormethyltestosterone (Oral-Turinabol)

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)

Dihydrotestosterone (DHT, Stanolone)

Dromostanolone (Drolban)

Ethylestrenol (Maxibolin, Orabolin)

Fluoxymesterone (Halotestin)

Formebulone (Esiclene, Hubernol)

Furazabol (Miotolon)

Gestrinone (Tridomose)

17-Hydroxypregnenedione

17-Hydroxyprogesterone

Mesterolone (Proviron)

Methandienone (Danabol, Dianabol)

Methandriol (Androdiol)

Methandrostenolone (Dianabol)

Methenolone (Primobolan)

Methyltestosterone (Metandren)

Mibolerone (Testorex)

19-Norandrostenediol (19-Diol)

19-Norandrostenedione (19 Nora Force)

Norethandrolone (Nilevar)

19-Nortestosterone (Nandrolone)

Deca-Durabolin

Oxymesterone (Oranabol)

Oxymetholone (Anadrol)

Progesterone-Stanozolol (Stromba, Winstrol)

Testosterone (Andronate)

Trenbolone (Finaject) Human or animal growth hormone

Beta-2-agonists (Clenbuterol, etc.)

Human chorionic gonadatropin Masking agents (24 listed) Stimulants

Ephedrine (Ma Huan, Chi Powder)

Methylephedrine

Pseudophedrine (found in Sudafed and Actifed, which are allowed when prescribed by team doctors)

Fenfluramine (Phen-Fen, Redux)

Norfenfluramine-Phentermine (Fastin, Adipex, Ionamin)

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