Oxymetholone chemical structure
Find information on thousands of medical conditions and prescription drugs.

Oxymetholone

Oxymetholone (Anadrol), is a synthetic anabolic steroid developed by Syntex in 1960. Its primary clinical applications include treatment of osteoporosis and anaemia, as well as stimulating muscle growth in undernourished or underdeveloped patients. The drug was approved for human use by the FDA. However, later non-steroidal drugs such as Epogen were developed and proven to be more effective as a treatment for anaemia and osteoporosis without the side-effects of oxymtholone. more...

Home
Diseases
Medicines
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
Methoxsalen
OCL
Octabenzone
Octanoic acid
Octopamine
Octreotide
Ofloxacin
Ofloxacin
Olanzapine
Omeprazole
Oncovin
Ondansetron
Opium
Oratane
Oretic
Orinase
Orlistat
Ornidazole
Ornithine
Orotic acid
Orphenadrine
Ortho Evra
Oruvail
Ovcon
Ovral
Ovrette
Oxaliplatin
Oxamniquine
Oxandrin
Oxandrolone
Oxaprozin
Oxazepam
Oxcarbazepine
Oxetine
Oxibendazole
Oxiracetam
Oxprenolol
Oxybenzone
Oxybuprocaine
Oxycodone
Oxycodone
Oxymetazoline
Oxymetholone
Oxymorphone
Oxytetracycline
Oxytocin
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z

The drug remained available despite this, and eventually found a new use in treating HIV wasting syndrome. While classified as a Schedule III drug under the Controlled Substances Act, it remains available via prescription as Anadrol (registered as a trademark of Unimed Pharmaceuticals.)

Presented most commonly as a 50mg tablet, Oxymetholone is the strongest androgenic steroid available. Similarly, it also poses the greatest risk of side effects of any steroid. Despite very low binding affinity with the androgen receptor, oxymetholone is highly effective in promoting extensive gains in body mass, mostly by greatly improving muscular water retention. For this reason, it is often used illegally by bodybuilders and athletes. Many athletes also use Oxymetholone as a method of protection for the joints under heavy loads. Due to the high water retention users experience from this drug, it similarily lubricates the joints and helps protect them from injury.

Side effects

The side-effects of short-term use of the drug itself include nausea, bloating, acne, and masculinising effects such as deepening of the voice, growth of facial hair and clitoral hypertrophy . In addition, oxymetholone is readily aromatized by aromatase to form a progestagen, and unless selective estrogen receptor modulators such as Nolvadex or Clomid are taken in conjunction with the drug, there is a significant risk of the appearance of estrogenic effects such as gynaecomastia over time. Because of its 17α-alkylated structure, oxymetholone is highly hepatoxic. Long term use of the drug can cause a variety of serious ailments, including hepatitis, liver cancer, and cirrhosis. It is very dangerous to take Oxymetholone in high dosages for periods of time exceeding six weeks, and is commonly used by bodybuilders during the start of a steroid cycle to help gain mass and increase serum levels of androgens quickly.

Use with other steroids

To further increase its effectiveness as an anabolic agent, bodybuilders typically stack (see steroid stack) oxymetholone with other anabolic steroids. Since it is already a very potent androgen, many users will combine it with drugs such as nandrolone, Boldenone and Oxandrolone to further their gains.

Read more at Wikipedia.org


[List your site here Free!]


Diethylstilbestrol diphosphate
From Gale Encyclopedia of Cancer, by Ph.D. Margaret Alic

Definition

Diethylstilbestrol diphosphate is a synthetic (manufactured) form of the female hormone estrogen. Brand names for diethylstilbestrol include Stilphostrol, and is also referred to as Stilbestrol and DES.

Purpose

Diethylstilbestrol is used to relieve symptoms of advanced breast cancer that has metastasized, or spread, from the breast to other parts of the body. It is used to treat breast cancer in men and in postmenopausal women. Diethylstilbestrol also has been used to relieve symptoms of advanced cancer of the prostate in men.

Description

Diethylstilbestrol was the first form of estrogen made in the laboratory. It was prescribed to millions of women in the 1950s and 1960s to prevent miscarriage and premature birth. This use was discontinued in the 1970s, when abnormalities of the reproductive systems were found in some children of women who took the drug during pregnancy. Furthermore, daughters of women who took this drug during pregnancy are at an increased risk for developing certain types of cervical and vaginal cancers.

Diethylstilbestrol is used to relieve some symptoms of advanced breast cancer in certain men and women. The drug can interfere with the spread of cancer cells that require estrogen to grow and divide.

Diethylstilbestrol sometimes is used to relieve symptoms of advanced prostate cancer in men. This drug can lower the levels of the male hormone testosterone, which is required for the growth and division of these cancer cells. However, diethylstilbestrol can cause severe side effects in men, including breast enlargement and increased risk of heart disease and blood clots. Thus, it is no longer widely used for the treatment of prostate cancer.

Recommended dosage

Diethylstilbestrol usually is given as a pill, which should be taken at the same time each day. The dosage varies depending on body weight and the type of cancer that is being treated. For breast cancer, the dose is 15 mg per day.

For inoperable prostate cancer, the dose is 50 mg three times a day and can be increased up to 200 mg or more three times a day. Maximum dose is 1 gram a day. For the treatment of prostate cancer, diethylstilbestrol can also be injected slowly into a vein. The dosage may be as high as 1 gram per day for five or more days. The dosage then may be lowered to 250-500 mg once or twice per week.

Precautions

Diethylstilbestrol can cause serious birth defects in humans. Children of women who take diethylstilbestrol (DES) during pregnancy may develop reproductive system abnormalities at puberty, and daughters are at an increased risk for developing vaginal cancer. Therefore, this drug should not be taken by pregnant women, or by either the man or the woman at the time of conception. Women should not breast-feed infants while taking this drug, since estrogens pass into the breast milk.

Diethylstilbestrol may not be indicated, or should be used with caution, for individuals whose medical histories include any of the following:

  • heart, kidney, or liver damage

  • disease of the gallbladder or gallstones

  • inflammation of the pancreas

  • bone or uterine cancer

  • fibroid tumors of the uterus

  • unusual vaginal bleeding

  • endometriosis (uterine cells in the ovaries or other pelvic organs)

  • high cholesterol

  • blood clots or circulatory problems in males

Side effects

Diethylstilbestrol affects normal cells as well as cancer cells, so side effects can occur with this medicine. The side effects associated with diethylstilbestrol usually are mild and temporary. Common side effects include:

  • enlargement of the breasts

  • breast tenderness

  • decreased sexual desire

  • voice changes

  • swelling of the feet and lower legs

  • fluid retention

  • weight gain

Less common side effects of diethylstilbestrol include:

  • nausea and vomiting during the first few weeks of treatment

  • changes in vaginal bleeding

  • loss of bladder control

  • lumps or discharge from the breasts

  • stomach, side, or abdominal pain

  • yellow skin or eyes

Taking the medicine with food may reduce or prevent nausea.

Rarely, diethylstilbestrol results in the formation of blood clots in the legs or in the lungs. This primarily affects men who are receiving high-dosage treatment for breast or prostate cancers. Symptoms of blood clots include:

  • pain, redness, or swelling in the calf

  • weakness or tingling in an arm or leg

  • faintness

  • sudden severe headache

  • vision changes

  • shortness of breath

  • chest pain

  • coughing up blood (hemoptysis)

Interactions

Medicines that may adversely affect the liver when taken along with diethylstilbestrol include:

  • acetaminophen (as in Tylenol; long-term or high-dose usage)

  • amiodarone (Cordarone)

  • anabolic steroids (such as nandrolone, oxandrolone, oxymetholone, stanozolol)

  • androgens (male hormones)

  • antithyroid drugs that are used to treat an overactive thyroid

  • birth control pills containing estrogen

  • carbamazepine (Tegretol)

  • carmustine (BiCNU)

  • chloroquine (Aralen)

  • dantrolene (Dantrium)

  • daunorubicin (Cerubidine)

  • disulfiram (Antabuse)

  • divalproex (Depakote)

  • etretinate (Tegison)

  • gold salts to treat arthritis

  • hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil)

  • isoniazid

  • medicines to treat infections

  • mercaptopurine (Purinethol)

  • methotrexate (Mexate)

  • methyldopa (Aldomet)

  • naltrexone (Trexan; long-term or high-dose usage))

  • phenothiazines

  • phenytoin (Dilantin)

  • plicamycin (Mithracin)

  • valproic acid (Depakene)

In addition, diethylstilbestrol and other estrogens can prevent cyclosporine (Sandimmune) from being removed from the body, leading to possible kidney or liver problems. Protease inhibitors such as ritonavir (Norvir) may reduce the activity of diethylstilbestrol.

KEY TERMS

Estrogen
Female sex hormone.

Hormone
Substance produced by the body to regulate the activity of a tissue or organ.

Metastasis
Spread of cancer from its point of origin to other parts of the body.

Prostate
Gland in males that surrounds the urine tube (urethra) at the base of the bladder.

Testosterone
Principal male sex hormone.

Return to Oxymetholone
Home Contact Resources Exchange Links ebay