chemical structure of granisetron
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Kytril

Granisetron is a serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist used to treat nausea and vomiting following chemotherapy. Its main affect is to reduce the activity of the vagus nerve, which is a nerve that activates the vomiting center in the medulla oblongata. It does not have much effect on vomiting due to motion sickness. This drug does not have any effect on dopamine receptors or muscarinic receptors. more...

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Granisetron was invented by chemists working at the British drug company Beecham around 1988 and is expected to go generic in 2007/2008. It is produced by Roche Laboratories under the trade name Kytril®. The drug was approved in the United Kingdom in 1991 and in United States in 1994 by the FDA.

Granisetron breaks down slowly, staying in the body for a long time. One dose usually lasts 4 to 9 hours and is usually administered once or twice daily. This drug is removed from the body by the liver and kidneys.

Clinical Uses

  • Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting
    • 5-HT3 receptor antagonists are the primary drugs used to treat and prevent chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Many times they are given intravenously about 30 minutes before beginning therapy.
  • Post-operative and post-radiation nausea and vomiting
  • Is a possible therapy for nausea and vomiting due to acute or chronic medical illness or acute gastroenteritis
  • Treatment of Cyclic vomiting syndrome although there are no formal trials to confirm efficacy.

Adverse Effects

Granisetron is a well-tolerated drug with few side effects. Headache, dizziness, and constipations are the most commonly reported side effects associated with its use. There have been no significant drug interactions reported with this drug's use. It is broken down by the liver's cytochrome P450 system and it has little effect on the metabolism of other drugs broken down by this system.

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New way to settle queasy stomachs after surgery
From Nursing, 11/1/02

KYTRIL

Roche's antiemetic granisetron HCl (Kytril Injection) has received FDA approval for the prevention and treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). The injection form of granisetron was previously approved only to prevent chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting; the oral form had been approved for nausea and vomiting induced by radiation therapy.

A selective blocker of the serotonin 5-HT^sub 3^ receptor, Kytril inhibits receptors on the vagus nerve, reducing or eliminating nausea and vomiting. Possible adverse reactions, which include headache, constipation, weakness, drowsiness, or diarrhea, are usually easily managed with dosage modification or interruption.

Give granisetron just before or during surgery to prevent PONV or after surgery to treat PONY. The recommended dose of Kytril Injection for either indication is 1 mg I.V.

Approval of the prevention indication was based on data from two randomized studies in patients who underwent gynecologic surgery or cholecystectomy and received general anesthesia. Approval of the treatment indication was based on studies of adult surgical patients who underwent general anesthesia with no prophylactic antiemetic treatment and experienced nausea and vomiting within 4 hours after surgery.

Copyright Springhouse Corporation Nov 2002
Provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company. All rights Reserved

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