Find information on thousands of medical conditions and prescription drugs.

Sotos syndrome

Sotos syndrome (also known as cerebral gigantism) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by excessive physical growth during the first 2 to 3 years of life. The disorder may be accompanied by mild mental retardation, delayed motor, cognitive, and social development, hypotonia (low muscle tone), and speech impairments. Children with Sotos syndrome tend to be large at birth and are often taller, heavier, and have larger heads (macrocrania) than is normal for their age. more...

Home
Diseases
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
Sabinas brittle hair...
Saccharopinuria
Sacral agenesis
Saethre-Chotzen syndrome
Salla disease
Salmonellosis
Sandhoff disease
Sanfilippo syndrome
Sarcoidosis
Say Meyer syndrome
Scabies
Scabiophobia
Scarlet fever
Schamberg disease...
Schistosomiasis
Schizencephaly
Schizophrenia
Schmitt Gillenwater Kelly...
Sciatica
Scimitar syndrome
Sciophobia
Scleroderma
Scrapie
Scurvy
Selachophobia
Selective mutism
Seminoma
Sensorineural hearing loss
Seplophobia
Sepsis
Septo-optic dysplasia
Serum sickness
Severe acute respiratory...
Severe combined...
Sezary syndrome
Sheehan syndrome
Shigellosis
Shingles
Shock
Short bowel syndrome
Short QT syndrome
Shprintzen syndrome
Shulman-Upshaw syndrome
Shwachman syndrome
Shwachman-Diamond syndrome
Shy-Drager syndrome
Sialidosis
Sickle-cell disease
Sickle-cell disease
Sickle-cell disease
Siderosis
Silicosis
Silver-Russell dwarfism
Sipple syndrome
Sirenomelia
Sjogren's syndrome
Sly syndrome
Smallpox
Smith-Magenis Syndrome
Sociophobia
Soft tissue sarcoma
Somniphobia
Sotos syndrome
Spasmodic dysphonia
Spasmodic torticollis
Spherocytosis
Sphingolipidosis
Spinal cord injury
Spinal muscular atrophy
Spinal shock
Spinal stenosis
Spinocerebellar ataxia
Splenic-flexure syndrome
Splenomegaly
Spondylitis
Spondyloepiphyseal...
Spondylometaphyseal...
Sporotrichosis
Squamous cell carcinoma
St. Anthony's fire
Stein-Leventhal syndrome
Stevens-Johnson syndrome
Stickler syndrome
Stiff man syndrome
Still's disease
Stomach cancer
Stomatitis
Strabismus
Strep throat
Strongyloidiasis
Strumpell-lorrain disease
Sturge-Weber syndrome
Subacute sclerosing...
Sudden infant death syndrome
Sugarman syndrome
Sweet syndrome
Swimmer's ear
Swyer syndrome
Sydenham's chorea
Syncope
Syndactyly
Syndrome X
Synovial osteochondromatosis
Synovial sarcoma
Synovitis
Syphilis
Syringomas
Syringomyelia
Systemic carnitine...
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Systemic mastocytosis
Systemic sclerosis
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
Medicines

Symptoms of the disorder, which vary among individuals, include a disportionately large and long head with a slightly protrusive forehead, large hands and feet, hypertelorism (an abnormally increased distance between the eyes), and downslanting eyes. Clumsiness, an awkward gait, and unusual aggressiveness or irritability may also occur. Although most cases of Sotos syndrome occur sporadically, familial cases have also been reported.

Incidence

Incidence is approximately 1 in 14,000 births.

Description

Characterized by overgrowth and advanced bone age. Affected individuals are dysmorphic with macrodolichocephaly, downslanting palpebral fissures and a pointed chin. They have motor and speech delays but typically have normal intelligence.

Genetics

Most reported cases of Sotos syndrome have been sporadic and may represent new dominant mutations.

Treatment

There is no standard course of treatment for Sotos syndrome. Treatment is symptomatic.

Prognosis

Sotos syndrome is not a life-threatening disorder and patients may have a normal life expectancy. The initial abnormalities of Sotos syndrome usually resolve as the growth rate becomes normal after the first few years of life. Developmental delays may improve in the school-age years, however, coordination problems may persist into adulthood.

Read more at Wikipedia.org


[List your site here Free!]


Apnea and history
From CHEST, 4/1/04 by Michael I. Polkey

To the Editor:

John Sotos has presented a convincing case that the late President Taft bad obstructive sleep apnea (September 2003). (1) However, the presidential years (1909-1913) were a period of relative stability for the United States, and subsequent events have shown that his condition has not prevented the emergence of the United States as a dominant force in world affairs. In contrast Chouard et al (2) present an equally convincing case that Napoleon Bonaparte also had this condition. Unfortunately, their article was in French and therefore may not be widely appreciated in the United States. However, the strength of their case is borne out by portraits of Napoleon available from the Hotel des Invalides in Paris (Fig 1). They argue that his condition led to errors of judgment, resulting in the failure to capture Moscow (and the subsequent winter retreat) and thus to final defeat at Waterloo. Early diagnosis and treatment of his condition might have altered the course of European history.

Michael I. Polkey, MRCP, PhD

Mary J. Morrell, PhD

Anita K Simonds, FRCP, MD

Royal Brompton Hospital/National Heart and Lung Institute

London, UK

REFERENCES

(1) Sotos JG. Taft and Pickwick: sleep apnea in the White House. Chest 2003; 124:1133-1142

(2) Chouard C, Meyer B, Chabolle F. Napoleon souffrait-il du syndrome d'apnee du sommeil. Ann OtolaryngoI Chir Cervicofac 1988; 105:299-303

Reproduction of this article is prohibited without written permission from the American College of Chest Physicians (e-mail: permissions@chestnet.org).

Correspondence to: Michael I. Polkey, MRCP, PhD, Royal Brompton Hospital, Fulham Rd, London SW3 6NP, United Kingdom; e-mail: m.polkey@rbh.uthames.nhs.uk

To the Editor:

Chouard and colleagues (1) describe several reasons to suspect Napoleon I (1769-1821) had obstructive sleep apnea in the last decade of his brief life: he was obese and perhaps retrognathic, his neck was short and thick, he had nasal obstruction, he frequently slept during the day, he complained of declining energy and intellect and, if the 1814 painting reflects reality, he was quite tired looking and somewhat disheveled. However, Chouard and colleagues 91) title their article as a question, and give evidence that weakens the diagnosis. Napoleon had unusual sleep habits all his adult life. For example, he would go to bed at midnight, awaken at 3 AM to do work and to take a hot bath, and then return to bed at 5 AM. Multiple anecdotes describe him napping during the day, as early as 1805. Despite this frequent and sometimes public daytime sleeping, Chouard et al (1) could not find accounts of Napoleon snoring. They suggest it was somehow a forbidden topic, as it would damage his prestige. Finally, there is the question of whether Napoleon simply slept too little, which, for an Emperor with great responsibilities, would not be surprising.

Given the high prevalence of sleep apnea in developed societies, many historical figures likely had (or have) the condition. Readers wishing to probe for sleep apnea in history will find a nascent list of candidates at http://www.apneos.com/historicals.html. For example, President Franklin Roosevelt had several risk factors for both central and obstructive sleep apnea, (2,3) including severe hypertensive heart failure, a history of polio, smoking, snoring, variable obesity, and coronary artery disease. Near the end of his life, he would sometimes sleep 10 h at night and complain about his excessive sleeping. (2) An aide recalled "He seemed strangely tired, even in the morning hours; he occasionally nodded off during a conversation: once, he blacked out half-way through signing his name to a letter, leaving a long scrawl." (4)

John G. Sotos, MD

Apneos Corporation

Belmont, CA

REFERENCES

(1) Chouard C. Meyer B, Chabolle F. Napoleon souffrait-il du syndrome d'apnee du sommeil? Ann Otolaryngol Chir Cervicofac 1988; 105:299-303

(2) Ferrell RH. The dying president: Franklin D, Roosevelt 1944-1945. Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press, 1998

(3) Dugan H. Bedlam in the boudoir. Colliers, February 22, 1947. Cited in: Fairbanks DNF, Fujita S, eds. Snoring and obstructive sleep apnea. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Raven Press, 1994; 1-16

(4) Goldsmith HS. Unanswered mysteries in the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1979; 149:899-908

Reproduction of this article is prohibited without written permission from the American College of Chest Physicians (e-mail: permissions@chestnet.org).

Correspondence to; John G. Satos, MD, Apneos Corporation, 2033 Ralston Ave. 4, Belmont, CA 94002; e-mail: taft@apneos.com

COPYRIGHT 2004 American College of Chest Physicians
COPYRIGHT 2004 Gale Group

Return to Sotos syndrome
Home Contact Resources Exchange Links ebay