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Hyperlipoproteinemia

Hyperlipoproteinemia is the presence of elevated levels of lipoprotein in the blood. Lipids (fatty molecules) are transported in a protein capsule, and the density of the lipids and type of protein determines the fate of the particle and its influence on metabolism. more...

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Although the terms hyperlipoproteinemia and hypercholesterolemia are often used interchangeably, the former is more specific. The term "hyperchylomicronemia" is used for an excess of chylomicrons.

Hyperlipoproteinemias are classified according to the Fredrickson/WHO classification (Fredrickson et al 1967), which is based on the pattern of lipoproteins on electrophoresis or ultracentrifugation.

Hyperlipoproteinemia type I

This very rare form (also known as "Buerger-Gruetz syndrome", "Primary hyperlipoproteinaemia", or "familial hyperchylomicronemia"), is due to high chylomicrons, the particles that transfer fatty acids from the digestive tract to the liver.

Hyperlipoproteinemia type II

Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II is hyperlipidemia (hypercholesterolemia) in the Fredrickson classification, which is determined by lipoprotein electrophoresis.

Hyperlipoproteinemia type II is further classified into:

  • Type IIa (elevated LDL only)
    • Polygenic hypercholesterolaemia
    • Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH)
  • Type IIb - combined hyperlipidemia (elevated LDL and VLDL, leading to high triglycerides levels)
    • Familial combined hyperlipoproteinemia
    • Secondary combined hyperlipoproteinemia

Hyperlipoproteinemia type III

This form is due to high chylomicrons and IDL (intermediate density lipoprotein).

Hyperlipoproteinemia type IV

This form is due to high triglycerides. It is also known as "hyperglyceridemia" (or "pure hyperglyceridemia".

Hyperlipoproteinemia type V

This type is very similar to Type I, but with high VLDL.

Unclassified forms

Non-classified forms are extremely rare:

  • Hypo-alpha lipoproteinemia
  • Hypo-beta lipoproteinemia

Read more at Wikipedia.org


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Fish oil and type III hyperlipoproteinemia - Fish Oils Revisited
From Nutrition Research Newsletter, 4/1/90

FISH OIL AND TYPE II

HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA Fish oils rich in n-3 fatty acids have been reported to lower serum triglyceride and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels in normal subjects and those with various types of hyperlipidemia. The Scandinavian study reported here investigated the effect of fish oil on serum lipoproteins in subjects with Type III hyperlipoproteinemia, a group not included in most earlier investigations. Nine patients with Type III hyperlipoproteinemia, who had been referred to the Lipid Clinic at Linkoping University in Sweden, received 15 g of MaxEPA fish oil (providing 2.7 g eicosapentaenoic acid and 1.8 g docosahexaenoic acid) in capsule form daily for 16 weeks. Olive oil placebo capsules were administered for eight weeks before and eight weeks after the fish oil trial. As compared to the olive oil placebo, fish oil treatment decreased total cholesterol by 16%, triglyceride by 53%, apolipoprotein B by 19%, VLDL-cholesterol by 45%, and VLDL-triglyceride by 62%. There were substantial differences among individual subjects in die effect of fish oil on VLDL. In the majority of subjects, the abnormal VLDL electrophoretic mobility characteristic of Type III hyperlipoproteinemia was normalized by fish oil. Low-density lipoproteins (LDL) did not change significantly during fish oil treatment. The authors conclude that fish oil decreases VLDL in Type III hyperlipoproteinemia but that the effect is variable and unpredictable." Jorgen Molgaard et al, Effect of Fish Oil Treatment on Plasma Lipoproteins in Type III Hyperlipoproteinaemia, Atherosclerosis 81(1):1-9 (Feb 1990) [Correspondence: Dr. Jorgen Molgaard, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linkoping University, S-581 85 Linkoping, Sweden]

COPYRIGHT 1990 Frost & Sullivan
COPYRIGHT 2004 Gale Group

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