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Hypocalcemia

In medicine, hypocalcaemia is the presence of low serum calcium levels in the blood (usually taken as less than 2.2 mmol/L or 9mg/dl or an ionized calcium level of less than 1.1 mmol/L (4.5 mg/dL)). This condition is sometimes confused with hypokalemia. more...

It is a type of electrolyte disturbance. more...

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Cause

  • Absent parathyroid hormone (PTH)
    • Hereditary hypoparathyroidism
    • Acquired hypoparathyroidism
    • Hypomagnesemia
  • Ineffective PTH
    • Chronic renal failure
    • Absent active vitamin D
      • Decreased dietary intake
      • Decreased sun exposure
      • Defective Vitamin D metabolism
        • Anticonvulsant therapy
        • Vitamin-D dependent rickets, type I
    • Ineffective active vitamin D
      • Intestinal malabsorption
      • Vitamin-D dependent rickets, type II
    • Pseudohypoparathyroidism
  • Deficient PTH
    • Severe acute hyperphosphatemia
      • Tumor lysis syndrome
      • Acute renal failure
      • Rhabdomyolysis (initial stage)
    • Osteitis fibrosa following parathyroidectomy
  • Exposure to hydrofluoric acid

Effects

  • Cardiac arrest
  • Tetany
  • Trousseau sign
  • Chvostek's sign

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Calcium Homeostasis : Hypercalcemia and Hypocalcemia $42.00 Hypocalcemia - A Medical Dictionary, Bibliography, And Annotated Research Guide To Internet References $39.41
Minimize "broken cow" risks.(Nutrition) : An article from: Dairy Today $5.95 Hypocalcemia-like electrocardiographic changes after administration of intravenous fosphenytoin : An article from: Mayo Clinic Proceedings $20.00
Hypocalcemia reduces endogenous glucose production in hyperketonemic sheep : An article from: Journal of Dairy Science $20.00 Combined false hyperkalemia and hypocalcemia due to specimen contamination during routine phlebotomy. : An article from: Southern Medical Journal $5.95
Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine : Hypocalcemia $3.10 Parturient Hypocalcemia $44.49
The treatment of lime starvation Cause-effect studies on the affects [i.e. effects] of dietary mirex and PCB's on hypocalcaemia in salmonid fishes: Final report

Hypocalcemia
Hypocalcemia, a low bood calcium level, occurs when the concentration of free calcium ions in the blood falls below 4.0 mg/dL (dL=one tenth of a liter).
Treatment of Acute Hypocalcemia in Critically Ill Multiple-Trauma Patients
ABSTRACT. Background: Recent data indicate that critically ill, adult multiple trauma patients receiving specialized nutrition support commonly experience ...
ECG Abnormalities Associated With Hypocalcemia
To the Editor: The recently published case report in CHEST (July 2000)[1] concerning the ECG manifestations of severe hypocalcemia producing injury ...
Spurious Hypocalcemia After Omniscan- or OptiMARK-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging: An Algorithm for Minimizing a False-Positive Laboratory Value
Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging has become a routine diagnostic imaging procedure. Reports in the literature document that 2 of the 4 available ...
Undiagnosed Vitamin D deficiency in the hospitalized patient in the hospitalized patient
Vitamin D deficiency among hospitalized patients may be more widespread than realized. Vague musculoskeletal complaints in these chronically ill patients ...
Vitamin D deficiency—the once and present epidemic
Humans, like all vertebrates, require calcium for signal and muscle contraction, and to build and maintain skeletons. We also need vitamin D to maintain ...
ECG Changes in a 25-Year-Old Woman With Hypocalcemia Due to Hypoparathyroidism - )
Hypocalcemia Mimicking Acute Myocardial Infarction The case of a 25-year-old woman presenting with chest pain, ECG changes, and laboratory findings ...
Clinical implications of hypocalcemia in malaria
Total serum calcium levels were estimated in 60 adult patients with malaria to know the prevalence of hypocat:emia in different types of malaria and its ...

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