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Hypocalcemia

In medicine, hypocalcaemia is the presence of low serum calcium levels in the blood (usually taken as less than 2.2 mmol/L or 9mg/dl or an ionized calcium level of less than 1.1 mmol/L (4.5 mg/dL)). This condition is sometimes confused with hypokalemia. more...

It is a type of electrolyte disturbance. more...

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Cause

  • Absent parathyroid hormone (PTH)
    • Hereditary hypoparathyroidism
    • Acquired hypoparathyroidism
    • Hypomagnesemia
  • Ineffective PTH
    • Chronic renal failure
    • Absent active vitamin D
      • Decreased dietary intake
      • Decreased sun exposure
      • Defective Vitamin D metabolism
        • Anticonvulsant therapy
        • Vitamin-D dependent rickets, type I
    • Ineffective active vitamin D
      • Intestinal malabsorption
      • Vitamin-D dependent rickets, type II
    • Pseudohypoparathyroidism
  • Deficient PTH
    • Severe acute hyperphosphatemia
      • Tumor lysis syndrome
      • Acute renal failure
      • Rhabdomyolysis (initial stage)
    • Osteitis fibrosa following parathyroidectomy
  • Exposure to hydrofluoric acid

Effects

  • Cardiac arrest
  • Tetany
  • Trousseau sign
  • Chvostek's sign

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Calcium Homeostasis : Hypercalcemia and Hypocalcemia $42.00 Hypocalcemia - A Medical Dictionary, Bibliography, And Annotated Research Guide To Internet References $39.41
Minimize "broken cow" risks.(Nutrition) : An article from: Dairy Today $5.95 Hypocalcemia-like electrocardiographic changes after administration of intravenous fosphenytoin : An article from: Mayo Clinic Proceedings $20.00
Hypocalcemia reduces endogenous glucose production in hyperketonemic sheep : An article from: Journal of Dairy Science $20.00 Combined false hyperkalemia and hypocalcemia due to specimen contamination during routine phlebotomy. : An article from: Southern Medical Journal $5.95
Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine : Hypocalcemia $3.10 Parturient Hypocalcemia $44.49
The treatment of lime starvation Cause-effect studies on the affects [i.e. effects] of dietary mirex and PCB's on hypocalcaemia in salmonid fishes: Final report

Hypocalcemia
Hypocalcemia, a low bood calcium level, occurs when the concentration of free calcium ions in the blood falls below 4.0 mg/dL (dL=one tenth of a liter).
From Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine, 4/6/01 by Tom Brody
Treatment of Acute Hypocalcemia in Critically Ill Multiple-Trauma Patients
ABSTRACT. Background: Recent data indicate that critically ill, adult multiple trauma patients receiving specialized nutrition support commonly experience ...
From JPEN: Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, 11/1/05 by Dickerson, Roland N
ECG Abnormalities Associated With Hypocalcemia
To the Editor: The recently published case report in CHEST (July 2000)[1] concerning the ECG manifestations of severe hypocalcemia producing injury ...
From CHEST, 2/1/01 by Basil M. RuDusky
Spurious Hypocalcemia After Omniscan- or OptiMARK-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging: An Algorithm for Minimizing a False-Positive Laboratory Value
Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging has become a routine diagnostic imaging procedure. Reports in the literature document that 2 of the 4 available ...
From Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, 10/1/04 by Emerson, Jane
Undiagnosed Vitamin D deficiency in the hospitalized patient in the hospitalized patient
Vitamin D deficiency among hospitalized patients may be more widespread than realized. Vague musculoskeletal complaints in these chronically ill patients ...
From American Family Physician, 1/15/05 by David Lyman
Vitamin D deficiency—the once and present epidemic
Humans, like all vertebrates, require calcium for signal and muscle contraction, and to build and maintain skeletons. We also need vitamin D to maintain ...
From American Family Physician, 1/15/05 by James P. Richardson
ECG Changes in a 25-Year-Old Woman With Hypocalcemia Due to Hypoparathyroidism - )
Hypocalcemia Mimicking Acute Myocardial Infarction The case of a 25-year-old woman presenting with chest pain, ECG changes, and laboratory findings ...
From CHEST, 7/1/00 by Gunter Lehmann
Clinical implications of hypocalcemia in malaria
Total serum calcium levels were estimated in 60 adult patients with malaria to know the prevalence of hypocat:emia in different types of malaria and its ...
From Indian Journal of Medical Research, 8/1/98 by Prabha, M R Adhikari

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