Isoleucine

Superheroes can be one-man shows (Superman) or duos (Batman and Robin). But imagine if Superman had a worthy partner, too--dueling Lex Luthor would've been a piece of cake. Likewise, where supplements are concerned, you have much-heralded heroes (creatine, glutamine, whey protein) and supporting cast members. In particular, the cutting-edge field of bodybuilding science has recently focused on six "sidekick" supplements that bolster the effectiveness of their respective superiors.

SUPER SUPP: CREATINE

The M.O. of creatine, the most extensively researched and most effective (legal) supplement we know of, is making muscles larger and stronger through a bevy of mechanisms. For one, creatine enters the muscle cell and helps produce more of the fast energy you need when you're pounding out reps in the gym. Another way creatine works is by pulling more water into muscle cells, a volumizing effect that stretches the muscle membrane and is believed to trigger processes in the muscle that lead to further growth. Creatine comes in numerous forms (monohydrate, citrate, tartrate, to name a few), and all seem to be similarly effective.

SIDEKICK: Cinnulin-PF

As effective as creatine is, it simply can't work if it doesn't enter the muscle. Enter Cinnulin-PF, a trademarked water-soluble cinnamon extract that boosts creatine uptake by muscle cells. Its active ingredient-hydroxychalcone--imitates the effects of insulin and boosts insulin release. Because insulin helps to drive creatine into muscle cells, taking Cinnulin-PF along with your usual creatine supplement can significantly enhance the amount of creatine that enters your muscle cells.

ACTION: Take 2-5 grams creatine with about 100-250 mg Cinnulin-PF immediately before and after workouts.

PRODUCTS: Your best bets are creatine products with Cinnulin-PF already added: BSN CellMass and NO-Xplode, Dymatize Xpand, Fizogen Blast Cycle, Twinlab Creatine Nitrate 3 Fuel.

SUPER SUPP: ARGININE

The reason most body-builders take arginine is for its nitric oxide (NO) boosting effects. Besides being involved in many essential processes in the body, NO can increase muscle strength and dilate blood vessels, the latter of which helps deliver more blood to the muscles. NO also brings more water into the muscles, which helps produce that shirt-stretching muscle pump that bodybuilders so desire.

SIDEKICK: Pycnogenol

This is a trademarked antioxidant flavonoid that, in addition to combating free radicals, can also help boost arginine's conversion to NO. Human research studies have found that pycnogenol enhances NO production in blood vessels by activating an important catalytic enzyme.

ACTION: Take 3-5 grams L-arginine or arginine alpha-ketogultarate 2-3 times a day with 50-100 mg pycnogenol. Be sure to take one dose 30-60 minutes before your workout.

PRODUCTS: MuscleTech's PumpTech contains both arginine and pycnogenol.

SUPER SUPP: GLUTAMINE

This popular amino acid boosts growth hormone levels, promotes recovery, enhances muscle growth, prevents muscle break-down, boosts immune function, aids digestion and provides a host of other metabolic benefits for bodybuilders. Its efficacy can be attributed primarily to its ability to 1) act as a volumizing agent in muscle cells, and 2) aid in the production of bicarbonate--a powerful buffer that helps prevent muscle fatigue.

SIDEKICK: Carnosine

Carnosine is a combination of two amino acids, histidine and beta-alanine, which work with glutamine to boost muscle strength and endurance and prevent fatigue by buffering the lactic acid that builds up during exercise. Carnosine also complements glutamine by displaying its own volumizing effect.

ACTION: Take 5-10 grams glutamine 2-4 times per day on an empty stomach. Take two of those doses before and after your workout with 1-1.5 grams carnosine.

PRODUCTS: Glutamine: Nature's Best Perfect L-Glutamine, Primaforce Glutaform, EAS Glutamine. Carnosine: Now Foods Carnosin.

SUPER SUPP: WHEY PROTEIN

Getting protein into your body before and immediately after workouts is imperative to your muscle-building progress. Whey protein is a fast-digesting protein that delivers its amino acids to muscles quickly. Without dispute, It's the choice protein for workout time. Case closed.

SIDEKICK: Leucine

Although whey contains slightly more leucine than its counterpart powders, taking more of its before and after training can further drive muscle protein synthesis. Many scientists believe leucine is the most important amino for turning on the machinery that initiates hypertrophy, especially around workout time.

ACTION: Take 20 grams whey protein immediately before training and 20-40 grams immediately after, along with 5 grams leucine, either by itself or from branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs). If you go the BCAA route, be sure the product offers around 5 grams leucine, 2.5 grams isoleucine and 2.5-5 grams valine per dose.

PRODUCTS: Whey: Optimum 100% Whey Gold Standard, MuscleTech Nitro-Tech, VPX Zero Carb Protein, Nature's Best IsoPure Protein Powder, SAN Volumass 5.0. BCAAs: Optimum BCAA Capsules, Universal Animal Nitro, John Scott's Nitro Amino Armor, SAN BCAA-Pro 100 & 200. Leucine: SAN Vault.

SUPER SUPP: FAST CARBS

In addition to whey and leucine, your immediate postworkout cocktail needs to include glucose to restock your depleted muscle glycogen stores and blunt the release of cortisol. The only way to achieve this is through carbs--and the faster-digesting, the better. Good choices to add to your whey shake are dextrose, Vitargo and maltodextrin powders, honey or table sugar.

SIDEKICK: 4-hydroxy-isoleucine

This amino acid, extracted from the herb fenugreek, increases insulin release by the pancreas. A recent study found that when subjects took 4-hydroxy-isoleucine along with dextrose following a workout, muscle glycogen stores were better replenished compared to subjects who took dextrose alone.

ACTION: Take 60-100 grams simple carbs immediately following training, along with 300-600 mg 4-hydroxy-isoleucine or 1-1.5 grams fenugreek.

PRODUCTS: Fast Carbs: Nutrex Vitargo CGL. Fenugreek: MHP T-Bomb II, BSN Cheaters Relief, Primaforce FUZE, SAN Endotest-Pro.

SUPER SUPP: CASEIN

This slow-digesting milk protein is a favorite among those seeking a steady supply of aminos to the muscles to prevent breakdown; some data suggest it takes some forms of casein up to seven hours to be fully digested. Casein is a critical protein source to take before bed, especially for hardgainers, since your body enters a fasting and potentially muscle-wasting state while you sleep.

SIDEKICK: Flaxseed Oil

To slow protein digestion further, dietary fats do the trick. But don't grab just any lipid--the healthy fats found in flaxseed oil offer a multitude of health benefits. Insulin sensitivity decreases later in the day, making you more susceptible to carbinduced fat gain. Taking essential fatty acids, like those in flaxseed, at night not only prevent this problem, but the omega-3s may ramp up your metabolism.

ACTION: Immediately before bedtime, consume 20-40 grams casein protein with 3 tablespoons flaxseed oil.

PRODUCTS: Casein: BSN Lean Dessert Protein, SAN Infusion, VPX Micellean. Flaxseed oil: Optimum Flaxseed Oil Softgels, SAN Lipidex.

PHOTO BY MICHAEL DARTER

BY DWAYNE JACKSON, PHD, AND JIM STOPPANI, PHD

20 POUNDS

Increase in bench-press strength from eight weeks of supplementing with arginine

46 PERCENT

Increase in IGF-1 levels from post-workout whey and leucine shake

RELATED ARTICLE: Food as Kryptonite

Some dietary culprits work against the purposes of your favorite products. Avoid these foods in combination with the following super supplements.

* WHEY'S NEMESIS

High-Fiber Foods: The whole point of taking whey is for its speed of absorption. Foods high in fiber will only slow things down. Sure, oatmeal (a bounty of roughage) is a great bodybuilding food, just not immediately before or after a workout. An hour before will work.

* ARQININE'S NEMESIS

High-Saturated-Fat Foods: Fatty dishes inhibit NO's ability to dilate blood vessels. Eat a burger and fries immediately after taking your arginine and you might as well have been supplementing with sugar pills.

* FAST CARBS' NEMESIS

Alcohol: Studies show that consuming cocktails inhibits muscle glycogen storage. If happy hour beckons, hold off at least two hours after your postworkout meal before bellying up to the bar. Your muscles should have absorbed most of the carbs by that time.

* CASEIN THE NEMESIS?

ZMA: This one works in reverse: Casein sabotages ZMA's effects when the two are taken together. Wait 30-60 minutes after taking ZMA before taking casein, since ZMA is most effective on an empty stomach.

COPYRIGHT 2005 Weider Publications
COPYRIGHT 2005 Gale Group