Find information on thousands of medical conditions and prescription drugs.

Pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic cancer (also called cancer of the pancreas) is represented by the growth of a malignant tumour within the small pancreas organ. Each year about 31,000 individuals in the United States are diagnosed with this condition, with more than 60,000 in Europe. more...

Home
Diseases
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Arthritis
Arthritis
Bubonic plague
Hypokalemia
Pachydermoperiostosis
Pachygyria
Pacman syndrome
Paget's disease of bone
Paget's disease of the...
Palmoplantar Keratoderma
Pancreas divisum
Pancreatic cancer
Panhypopituitarism
Panic disorder
Panniculitis
Panophobia
Panthophobia
Papilledema
Paraganglioma
Paramyotonia congenita
Paraphilia
Paraplegia
Parapsoriasis
Parasitophobia
Parkinson's disease
Parkinson's disease
Parkinsonism
Paroxysmal nocturnal...
Patau syndrome
Patent ductus arteriosus
Pathophobia
Patterson...
Pediculosis
Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Pelvic lipomatosis
Pemphigus
Pemphigus
Pemphigus
Pendred syndrome
Periarteritis nodosa
Perinatal infections
Periodontal disease
Peripartum cardiomyopathy
Peripheral neuropathy
Peritonitis
Periventricular leukomalacia
Pernicious anemia
Perniosis
Persistent sexual arousal...
Pertussis
Pes planus
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
Peyronie disease
Pfeiffer syndrome
Pharmacophobia
Phenylketonuria
Pheochromocytoma
Photosensitive epilepsy
Pica (disorder)
Pickardt syndrome
Pili multigemini
Pilonidal cyst
Pinta
PIRA
Pityriasis lichenoides...
Pityriasis lichenoides et...
Pityriasis rubra pilaris
Placental abruption
Pleural effusion
Pleurisy
Pleuritis
Plummer-Vinson syndrome
Pneumoconiosis
Pneumocystis jiroveci...
Pneumocystosis
Pneumonia, eosinophilic
Pneumothorax
POEMS syndrome
Poland syndrome
Poliomyelitis
Polyarteritis nodosa
Polyarthritis
Polychondritis
Polycystic kidney disease
Polycystic ovarian syndrome
Polycythemia vera
Polydactyly
Polymyalgia rheumatica
Polymyositis
Polyostotic fibrous...
Pompe's disease
Popliteal pterygium syndrome
Porencephaly
Porphyria
Porphyria cutanea tarda
Portal hypertension
Portal vein thrombosis
Post Polio syndrome
Post-traumatic stress...
Postural hypotension
Potophobia
Poxviridae disease
Prader-Willi syndrome
Precocious puberty
Preeclampsia
Premature aging
Premenstrual dysphoric...
Presbycusis
Primary biliary cirrhosis
Primary ciliary dyskinesia
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Primary lateral sclerosis
Primary progressive aphasia
Primary pulmonary...
Primary sclerosing...
Prinzmetal's variant angina
Proconvertin deficiency,...
Proctitis
Progeria
Progressive external...
Progressive multifocal...
Progressive supranuclear...
Prostatitis
Protein S deficiency
Protein-energy malnutrition
Proteus syndrome
Prune belly syndrome
Pseudocholinesterase...
Pseudogout
Pseudohermaphroditism
Pseudohypoparathyroidism
Pseudomyxoma peritonei
Pseudotumor cerebri
Pseudovaginal...
Pseudoxanthoma elasticum
Psittacosis
Psoriasis
Psychogenic polydipsia
Psychophysiologic Disorders
Pterygium
Ptosis
Pubic lice
Puerperal fever
Pulmonary alveolar...
Pulmonary hypertension
Pulmonary sequestration
Pulmonary valve stenosis
Pulmonic stenosis
Pure red cell aplasia
Purpura
Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch
Purpura, thrombotic...
Pyelonephritis
Pyoderma gangrenosum
Pyomyositis
Pyrexiophobia
Pyrophobia
Pyropoikilocytosis
Pyrosis
Pyruvate kinase deficiency
Uveitis
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
Medicines

Types

  • M8140/3: The most common form of this disease is known as adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. It is one of the most lethal forms of cancer with few victims still alive 5 years after diagnosis, and complete remission still extremely rare.
  • M8150/1, M8150/3: A less common, and typically far less aggressive form of pancreatic cancer, is called islet-cell tumor (and is sometimes also known by the term neuroendocrine tumor).

Risk factors

Risk factors for pancreatic cancer include :

  • Age
  • Male gender
  • African-American ethnicity
  • Smoking
  • Diets high in meat
  • Obesity
  • Diabetes
  • Chronic pancreatitis
  • Occupational exposure to certain pesticides, dyes, and chemicals related to gasoline
  • Family history
  • Helicobacter pylori infection

Diagnosis

Early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer is difficult because the symptoms are so non-specific and varied. Common symptoms include abdominal pain, loss of appetite, significant weight loss, jaundice, digestive problems, and depression.

Courvoisier's law is sometimes used to distinguish pancreatic cancer from gallstones.

Pancreatic cancer is usually discovered during the course of the evaluation of these symptoms by e.g. abdominal CT. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is another procedure that can help visualize the tumor and obtain tissue to establish the diagnosis.

Treatment

Treatment of pancreatic cancer depends on the stage of the cancer Recent advances have made resection of tumors that were previously unrescetable due to blood vessel involvement possible. The Whipple procedure is the most common surgical treatment for cancers involving the head of the pancreas.

Recent advances in the treatment of pancreatic cancer: For number of years, treatment of pancreatic cancer was limited to 5-FU alone. Then Gemcitabine was introduced. Gemcitabine had no survival advantage in pancreatic cancer compared to 5-FU, but the drug was FDA approved for pancreatic cancer based on better improvement in symptoms compared to 5-FU.

Targeted therapy using several new drugs is showing significant improvements in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. New drugs for the treatment of pancreatic cancer include: erlotinib, cetuximab, bevacizumab, tipifarnib. These drugs hold promise for the future treatment of patients with pancreatic cancer.

Prognosis

Patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer typically have a poor prognosis because the cancer usually causes no symptoms early on, leading to metastatic disease at time of diagnosis. Median survival times from diagnosis of 3-4 months are not unknown.

Read more at Wikipedia.org


[List your site here Free!]


Case report: pancreatic cancer
From Townsend Letter for Doctors and Patients, 7/1/05 by John Clement

Editor:

Survival rates for cancer of the head of the pancreas are poor. Unresectable patients live about 6 months. (1) During the past few years I have been involved in the care of a patient with pancreatic cancer. The patient has had unexpectedly positive results. Knowing full well that anecdotes do not replace prospective trials, her treatment history and outcome may still be of interest to health care providers based on the fact that she has responded well in spite of an exceedingly poor prognosis and in light of the natural history of pancreatic cancer. Her case also provides insight into the potential benefits of using multiple modalities in the treatment of advanced cancers.

The Case

The 64 year-old white female presented to her family physician on March 15, 2001 with complaints of dizzy spells, stomach pain and a "swollen stomach." On April 30, 2001, a first CT scan revealed a 5.5 X 5.0 cm mass in the head of the pancreas. Two weeks later, a second CT scan confirmed a 5.6 cm mass on the head of the pancreas, characteristic of pancreatic cancer. Another 2 weeks later pathology of an endoscopic biopsy revealed adenocarcinoma of the head of the pancreas. The patient was told to "get her affairs in order within the next 3-4 weeks." No treatment was offered at that time.

The patient and her husband traveled to another city for second opinion a few weeks later. She was offered 4 treatment options: 1) Gemcitabine; 2) 5FU+Leukovorin; 3) an experimental chemotherapeutic agent and 4) no treatment. By the beginning of July, 2001 another CT scan revealed lung and liver metastases in addition to the pancreatic mass. One day following this scan on July 6, 2001, the patient began a 6-week chemotherapy protocol with Gemzar. The doctor would not allow radiation therapy in addition to the chemotherapy. By August 6, 2001, the 4th chemotherapy treatment was administered. The chemotherapy regimen was ended after 4 weeks due to the intolerable side effects. Some of these side effects causing a poor quality of life included chills every 3-4 hours and body temperatures up to 103 degrees resulting in no quality of life. At this time another CT scan was taken and showed that the lesions were still present at approximately their initial sizes.

Two weeks after stopping the Gemzar, the patient began 5FU+Leukovorin. In addition to this chemotherapeutic regimen, the patient also underwent 27 "funnel" radiation treatments daily to treat the liver and lungs metastases. While receiving the chemotherapy and radiation treatments, the patient learned about the IAT in Freeport, Bahamas. On September 11, 2001, the chemotherapy and radiation was suspended. Four days later the patient began immunoaugmentive therapy at the IAT clinic in Freeport Bahamas. The therapy was comprised of administering sera containing naturally occurring proteins to trigger a reaction to kill tumor cells. The sera are made from human serum protein components (immuno-globulin serum antibodies and alpha 2 macro-globulin deblocking factor) derived from volunteer donors without neoplastic disease, and of tumor complement factor derived from human sera of people with malignancies.

After 1 month of IAT treatment, the patient started on a 12-week treatment comprised of one weekly intradermal injection of heat shock proteins linked to tumor antigen, one weekly intradermal injection of tumor antigen, and twice weekly subcutaneous injections of natural low-dose natural cytokines (collectively referred to as ITL immune therapy). At the same time the patient was started on ImmKine (250 mg capsules, 2 capsules 3X daily) and C-Statin (250 mg capsules, 2 capsules 3X daily). ImmKine is an immune stimulant isolated from bacterial cell walls that induces the production of interleukin 12. Interleukin 12 induces downstream production of anti-angiogenic cytokines. C-Statin is an angiogenesis inhibitor derived from the plant, Convolvulus arvensis, also known as Field bindweed.

On October 29, 2001 a CT scan showed a 2.0 cm mass in the head of the pancreas and resolution of the lung and liver metastases. In mid-January, 2002 the patient returned home from IAT and restarted the 5FU+Leucovorin treatments. Another CT scan performed one week after arriving home showed the pancreatic mass 2.5 cm.

On April 1, 2002 the patient started twice weekly intravenous infusions of 50 grams of vitamin C in 500 cc sterile water. By mid-May, a CT scan showed the pancreatic mass was reduced to less than 2.0 cm. No liver or lung lesions were visible. The vitamin C infusions were discontinued in August, 2002. The patient continued on daily immunoaugmentive therapy and supplements at home.

A CT scan in April, 2003 revealed a 1 cm pancreatic mass with an appearance consistent with a cyst.

Reference

1. Ginsberg GG. New developments in pancreatic cancer. Semin Gastrointest Dis 2000 Jul;11(3):162-7

John Clement, MD

Immunology Research Centre

East Atlantic Drive

Freeport, Grand Bahama

Bahamas

242-352-7455

Fax 242-352-3201

COPYRIGHT 2005 The Townsend Letter Group
COPYRIGHT 2005 Gale Group

Return to Pancreatic cancer
Home Contact Resources Exchange Links ebay