An IRA mural in Belfast depicting the hunger strikes of 1981.This postbox in Manchester survived the IRA bombing in 1996.
Find information on thousands of medical conditions and prescription drugs.

PIRA

The Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA; more commonly referred to as the IRA, the Provos, or by some of its supporters as the army or the Ra) is an Irish Republican paramilitary organisation. The organisation has been outlawed and classified as a terrorist group in the Republic of Ireland, the United Kingdom, the United States and many other countries. Since its emergence in 1969, its stated aim has been the reunification of Ireland, which it believed could not be achieved without an armed campaign directed against British rule in Northern Ireland. more...

Home
Diseases
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Arthritis
Arthritis
Bubonic plague
Hypokalemia
Pachydermoperiostosis
Pachygyria
Pacman syndrome
Paget's disease of bone
Paget's disease of the...
Palmoplantar Keratoderma
Pancreas divisum
Pancreatic cancer
Panhypopituitarism
Panic disorder
Panniculitis
Panophobia
Panthophobia
Papilledema
Paraganglioma
Paramyotonia congenita
Paraphilia
Paraplegia
Parapsoriasis
Parasitophobia
Parkinson's disease
Parkinson's disease
Parkinsonism
Paroxysmal nocturnal...
Patau syndrome
Patent ductus arteriosus
Pathophobia
Patterson...
Pediculosis
Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Pelvic lipomatosis
Pemphigus
Pemphigus
Pemphigus
Pendred syndrome
Periarteritis nodosa
Perinatal infections
Periodontal disease
Peripartum cardiomyopathy
Peripheral neuropathy
Peritonitis
Periventricular leukomalacia
Pernicious anemia
Perniosis
Persistent sexual arousal...
Pertussis
Pes planus
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
Peyronie disease
Pfeiffer syndrome
Pharmacophobia
Phenylketonuria
Pheochromocytoma
Photosensitive epilepsy
Pica (disorder)
Pickardt syndrome
Pili multigemini
Pilonidal cyst
Pinta
PIRA
Pityriasis lichenoides...
Pityriasis lichenoides et...
Pityriasis rubra pilaris
Placental abruption
Pleural effusion
Pleurisy
Pleuritis
Plummer-Vinson syndrome
Pneumoconiosis
Pneumocystis jiroveci...
Pneumocystosis
Pneumonia, eosinophilic
Pneumothorax
POEMS syndrome
Poland syndrome
Poliomyelitis
Polyarteritis nodosa
Polyarthritis
Polychondritis
Polycystic kidney disease
Polycystic ovarian syndrome
Polycythemia vera
Polydactyly
Polymyalgia rheumatica
Polymyositis
Polyostotic fibrous...
Pompe's disease
Popliteal pterygium syndrome
Porencephaly
Porphyria
Porphyria cutanea tarda
Portal hypertension
Portal vein thrombosis
Post Polio syndrome
Post-traumatic stress...
Postural hypotension
Potophobia
Poxviridae disease
Prader-Willi syndrome
Precocious puberty
Preeclampsia
Premature aging
Premenstrual dysphoric...
Presbycusis
Primary biliary cirrhosis
Primary ciliary dyskinesia
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Primary lateral sclerosis
Primary progressive aphasia
Primary pulmonary...
Primary sclerosing...
Prinzmetal's variant angina
Proconvertin deficiency,...
Proctitis
Progeria
Progressive external...
Progressive multifocal...
Progressive supranuclear...
Prostatitis
Protein S deficiency
Protein-energy malnutrition
Proteus syndrome
Prune belly syndrome
Pseudocholinesterase...
Pseudogout
Pseudohermaphroditism
Pseudohypoparathyroidism
Pseudomyxoma peritonei
Pseudotumor cerebri
Pseudovaginal...
Pseudoxanthoma elasticum
Psittacosis
Psoriasis
Psychogenic polydipsia
Psychophysiologic Disorders
Pterygium
Ptosis
Pubic lice
Puerperal fever
Pulmonary alveolar...
Pulmonary hypertension
Pulmonary sequestration
Pulmonary valve stenosis
Pulmonic stenosis
Pure red cell aplasia
Purpura
Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch
Purpura, thrombotic...
Pyelonephritis
Pyoderma gangrenosum
Pyomyositis
Pyrexiophobia
Pyrophobia
Pyropoikilocytosis
Pyrosis
Pyruvate kinase deficiency
Uveitis
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
Medicines

On July 28, 2005, the Provisional IRA Army Council announced an end to its armed campaign, stating that it would work to achieve its aims using "purely political and democratic programmes through exclusively peaceful means" and that " Volunteers must not engage in any other activities whatsoever".

Like all other organisations calling themselves the IRA (see List of IRAs), the Provisionals refer to themselves in public announcements and internal discussions as Óglaigh na hÉireann (literally "Volunteers of Ireland"), the official Irish language title of the Irish Defence Forces (the Irish army).

Origins

The Provisional IRA has its ideological and organisational roots in the pre-1969 anti-Treaty Irish Republican Army. This organisation split into two groups at its Special Army Convention in December 1969, mainly over the issue of abstentionism and over the question on how to respond to the escalating violence in Northern Ireland. The two groups that emerged from the split became known as the Official IRA (which espoused a Marxist analysis of Irish partition) and the Provisional IRA.

Although a split in the IRA was inevitable given the irreconcilability of the two factions, a number of ministers of the then Fianna Fáil government attempted to help the fledgling Provisionals by purchasing arms for them. This gave rise to the Arms Crisis scandal of 1970, and marked the end of Fianna Fail's transition from the "slightly constitutional" party (with an ambiguous attitude to political violence) established by Eamon de Valera in 1926 to a completely constitutional one.

The main figures in the early Provisional IRA were Seán Mac Stiofáin (who served as the organisation's first chief of staff), Ruairí Ó Brádaigh (the first president of Provisional Sinn Féin), Dáithí Ó Conaill, and Joe Cahill. All served on the first Provisional IRA Army Council. The Provisional appellation deliberately echoed the "Provisional Government" proclaimed during the 1916 Easter Rising.

The Provisionals maintained a number of the principles of the pre-1969 IRA. It considered British rule in Northern Ireland and the government of the Republic of Ireland to be illegitimate. Like the pre-1969 IRA, it believed that the IRA Army Council was the legitimate government of the all-island Irish Republic. This belief was based on a complicated series of perceived political inheritances which constructed a legal continuity from the Second Dáil. Most of these abstentionist principles were abandoned in 1986, although Sinn Féin still refuses to take its seats in the British parliament.

Initially, both the Official IRA and Provisional IRA espoused military means to pursue their goals. Unlike the Officials, however, the Provisionals called for a more aggressive campaign against the Northern Ireland state. While the Officials were initially the larger organisation and enjoyed more support from the republican constituency, the Provisionals came to dominate, especially after the Official IRA declared an indefinite ceasefire in 1972.

Read more at Wikipedia.org


[List your site here Free!]


Packaging associations
From Food & Drug Packaging, 11/1/05

PACKAGING

ASSOCIATIONS

100% Recycled Paperboard Alliance

1331 F St., NW, Suite 800

Washington, DC 20004

Phone: 877-772-6200

www.rpa100.com

A

Alliance for Innovative Wine Packaging

64 Railroad Ave.

Pt. Richmond, CA 94801

Phone: 800-497-3376

Fax: 510-970-9978

www.nextinwine.com

Alliance of Foam Packaging Recyclers

1298 Cronson Boulevard, Suite 201

Crofton, MD 21114

Phone: 410-451-8340

Fax: 410-451-8343

www.epspackaging.org

Aluminum Foil Container Manufacturers Association

10 Vecilla Lane

Hot Springs Village, AR 71909

Phone: 501-922-7425

Fax: 501-922-0383

www.afcma.org

American Forest & Paper Association

1111 19th St., NW, Suite 800

Washington, DC 20036

Phone: 800-878-8878

Fax: 202-463-2785

www.afandpa.org

American Iron & Steel Institute

1140 Connecticut Ave., Suite 705

Washington, DC 20036

Phone: 202-452-7100

www.steel.org

American Marketing Association

311 S. Wacker Drive, Suite 5800

Chicago, IL 60606

Phone: 800-AMA-1150

Fax: 312-542-9001

www.marketingpower.com

American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor

New York, NY 10036

Phone: 212-642-4900

Fax: 212-398-0023

www.ansi.org

American Plastics Council

1300 Wilson Blvd., Suite 800

Arlington, VA 22209

Phone: 800-243-5790

www.americanplasticscouncil.org

American Production & Inventory Control Society

5301 Shawnee Road

Alexandria, VA 22312-2317

Phone: 800-444-2742

Fax: 703-354-8106

www.apics.org

American Productivity & Quality Center

123 N. Post Oak Lane, 3rd Floor

Houston, TX 77024

Phone: 800-776-9676

Fax: 713-681-8578

www.apqc.org

American Society for Testing & Materials (ASTM)

100 Barr Harbor Dr.

West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959

Phone: 610-832-9585

Fax: 610-832-9555

www.astm.org

APA--The Engineered Wood Association

7011 S. 19th

Tacoma, WA 98466

Phone: 253-565-6600

Fax: 253-565-7265

www.apawood.org

Association of Independent Corrugated Converters (AICC)

113 S. West St., 3rd Floor

Alexandria, VA 22314

Phone: 877-836-2422

Fax: 703-836-2795

www.aiccbox.org

Association of Industrial Metallizers, Coaters & Laminators (AIMCAL)

201 Springs St.

Fort Mill, SC 29715

Phone: 803-802-7820

Fax: 803-802-7821

www.aimcal.org

Association of Suppliers to the Paper Industry

201 Park Washington Court

Falls Church, VA 22046-4527

Phone: 703-538-1787

Fax: 703-241-5603

www.aspinet.org

Australian Institute of Packaging Inc.

P.0. Box 1059

Chatswood NSW 2057

Australia

+61 2 9412 2472

www.aipack.com.au

Auto-ID Labs, Packaging and RRD Special Interest Group (SIG)

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

400 Technology Square, Sixth Floor

Cambridge, MA 02139

Phone: 617-258-5807

Fax: 617-253-1643

http://web.mit.ed u/auto-id/

B

Biodegradable Products Institute

331 West 57th St., Suite 415

New York, NY 10019

Phone: 888-274-5646

Fax: 973-916-1911

www.bpiworld.org

Brand Design Association, Amedcan Institute of Graphic Arts

164 Fifth Ave.

New York, NY 10010

Phone: 212-807-1990

Fax: 212-807-1799

www.aiga.org

C

Can Manufacturers Institute

1730 Rhode Island Ave., NW, Suite

1000

Washington, DC 20036

Phone: 202-232-4677

Fax: 202-232-5756

www.cancentral.com

Composite Can & Tube Institute

50 South Pickett St., Suite 110

Alexandria, VA 22304-7206

Phone: 703-823-7234

Fax: 703-823-7237

www.cctiwdc.org

Contract Manufacturing & Packaging Association

1601 N, Bond St,

Naperville, IL 60563

Phone: 630-544-5053

Fax: 630-544-5055

www.contractpackaging.org

Corrugated Packaging Council

2850 Golf Rd.

Rolling Meadows, IL 60008

Phone: 847-364-9600

Fax: 847-364-9639

www.corrugated.org

E

EPCglobal Inc.

Princeton Pike Corporate Center

1009 Lenox Dr., Suite 202

Lawrenceville, NJ 08648

Phone: 609-620-4549

Fax: 609-620-0255

www.epcglobalinc.org

F

Fibre Box Association

2850 Golf Rd.

Rolling Meadows, IL 60008

Phone: 847-364-9600

Fax: 847-364-9639

www.fibrebox.org

Flexible Intermediate Bulk Container Association (RBCA)

P.O. Box 822

Roswell, GA 30077

Phone: 866-600-8880

Fax: 678-762-9531

www.fibca.com

Flexible Packaging Association

971 Corporate Blvd., Suite 403

Linthicum, MD 21090

Phone: 410-694-0800

Fax: 410-694-0900

www.flexpack.org

Foodservice & Packaging Institute Inc.

150 South Washington St., Suite 204

Falls Church, VA 22046

Phone: 703-538-2800

Fax: 703-538-2187

www.fpi.org

G

Glass Packaging Institute

515 King St., Suite 420

Alexandria, VA 22314

Phone: 703-684-6359

Fax: 703-684-6048

www.gpi.org

H

Healthcare Compliance Packaging Council (HCPC)

131 E. Broad St., Suite 206

Falls Church, VA 22046

Phone: 703-538-4030

Fax: 703-538-6305

www.unitdose.org

I

Institute of Packaging Professionals (IoPP)

1601 N. Bond St., Suite 101

Naperville, IL 60563

Phone: 630-544-5050

Fax: 630-544-5055

www.iopp.org

International Corrugated Case Association

2850 Golf Rd., Suite 412

Rolling Meadows, IL 60008

Phone: 847-364-9600

Fax: 847-364-9639

www.iccanet.org

International Corrugated Packaging Foundation

113 S. West St. 3rd Floor

Alexandria, VA 22314

Phone: 703-836-2422

Fax: 703-836-2795

icpf.corrugated.org

International RFID Business Association Inc.

1360 Beverly Rd., Suite 103

McLean, VA 22101

Phone: 610-497-7750

Fax: 610-497-8710

www.rfidbusiness.org

International Safe Transit Association

1400 Abbott Rd., Suite 160

East Lansing, MI 48823-1900

Phone: 517-333-3437

Fax: 517-333-3813

www.ista.org

M

Molded Pulp Environmental Packaging Association (MPEPA)

1425 W. Mequon Rd., Suite A

Mequon, WI 53092

Phone: 262-241-0522

Fax: 262-241-3766

www.impepa.org

N

National Association for PET Container Resources

PO Box 1327

Sonoma, CA 95476

Phone: 707-996-4207

Fax: 707-935-1998

www.napcor.com

National Association of Container Distributors (NACD)

1601 N. Bond St., Suite 101

Naperville, IL 60563

Phone: 630-544-5052

Fax: 630-544-5055

www.nacd.net

National Associatian of Wholesaler-Distributors (NAW)

1725 K St., NW

Washington, D.C. 20006-1419

Phone: 202-872-0885

Fax: 202-785-0586

www.naw.org

National Paperbox Association

113 S. West Street, Third Floor

Alexandria, VA 22314

Phone: 703-684-2212

Fax: 703-683-6920

www.paperbox.org

National Wooden Pallet & Container Association (NWPCA)

329 South Patrick St.

Alexandria, VA 22314-3501

Phone: 703-519-6104

Fax: 703-519-4720

www.nwpca.com

O

Oxo-Biodegradable Plastics Institute (OPI)

6308-131 St.

Edmonton, Alberta T6H 3Y3

CANADA

Phone: 780-434-3887

Fax: 780-438-9379

www.oxobio.org

P

Packaging Association of Canada (PAC)

2255 Sheppard Ave. East, Suite E330

Toronto, Ontario M2J 4Y1

CANADA

Phone: 416-490-7860

Fax: 416-490-7844

www.pac.ca

Packaging Machinery Manufacturers Institute (PMMI)

4350 N. Fairfax Dr., Suite 600

Arlington, VA 22203

Phone: 703-243-8555

Fax: 703-243-8556

www.packexpo.com; www.pmmi.org

Paperboard Packaging Council (PPC)

201 N. Union St., Suite 220

Alexandria, VA 22314

Phone: 703-836-3300

Fax: 703-836-3290

www.ppcnet.org

Pharmaceutical Printed Literature Association

131 E. Broad St., Suite 206

Falis Church, VA 22046

Phone: 703-538-5799

Fax: 703-538-6305

www.pplaonline.org

Pira International

Cleeve Rd.

Leatherhead, Surrey K122 7RU

UNITED KINGDOM

Phone: 44 0 1372802000

Fax: 44 0 1372802238

www.piranet.com

Plastic Loose Fill Council

Box 21040

Oakland, CA 94620

Phone: 510-654-0756

Fax: 510-654-0196

www.loosefillpackaging.com

Plastic Shipping Container Institute

1920 N Street, NW, Suite 800

Washington, DC 20036

Phone: 202-973-2709

Fax: 202-331-8330

www.pscionline.org

Plastics Institute of America

333 Aiken St.

Lowell, MA 01854-3686

Phone: 978-934-3130

Fax: 978-458-4141

www.plasticsinstitute.org

Plastic Packaging Manufacturing Institute

31 Sparks Dr.

Hiram, GA 30141

Phone: 770-222-2231

Fax: 770-222-2454

www.ppmi-inc.com

Polystyrene Packaging Council

1300 Wilson Blvd., 8th Floor

Arlington, VA 22209

Phone: 703-741-5649

Fax: 703-741-5651

www.polystyrene.org

Pressure Sensitive Tape Council (PSTC)

2514 Stonebridge Lane, PO Box 609

Northbrook, IL 60062

Phone: 647-562-2630

Fax: 647-562-2631

www.pstc.org

R

Retail Packaging Association

Box 17656

Covington, KY 41017-0656

Phone: 859-341-9623

Fax: 859-341-6211

www.rpma.org

Reusable Pallet & Container Coalition

PO Box 42248

Washington, D.C. 20015

Phone: 202-625-4899

Fax: 202-318-2289

www.rpcc.us

Rigid Plastic Packaging Institute

179 S. Kenilworth Ave.

Elmhurst, IL 60126

Phone: 630-833-5894

Fax: 630-833-5896

www.rigid plasticpackaging.org

Robotic Industries Association (RIA)

900 Victors Way, Suite 140, Box 3724

Ann Arbor, MI 48106

Phone: 734-994-6088

Fax: 734-994-3338

www.roboticsonline.com

S

Society of Plastics Industry

1667 K St., NW, Suite 1000

Washington, DC 20006

Phone: 202-974-5200

Fax: 202-296-7005

www.socplas.org

Steel Recycling Institute

680 Andersen Dr.

Pittsburgh, PA 15220

Phone: 412-922-2772

Fax: 412-922-3213

www.recycle-steel.org

Steel Shipping Container Institute

1101 14th St., NW, Suite S-1011

Washington, DC 20005

Phone: 202-408-1900

Fax: 202-408-1972

www.steelcontainers.com

T

Tag & Label Manufacturers Institute

40 Shuman Blvd., Suite 295

Naperville, IL 60563

Phone: 630-357-9222

Fax: 630-357-0192

www.timi.com

TAPPI-Technical Association of the Pulp & Paper Industry

15 Technology Parkway South

Norcross, GA 30092

Phone: 770-446-1400

Fax: 770-446-6947

www.tappi.org

The Tube Council

1601 N. Bond St., Suite 101

Naperville, IL 60563

Phone: 630-544-5051

Fax: 630-544-5055

www.tube.org

Toxics la Packaging Clearinghouse

139 Main St., Suite 401

Brattleboro, VT 05301

Phone: 802-254-8911

Fax: 802-254-5870

www.toxicsinpackaging.org

W

Women In Packaging

4290 Bells Ferry Road, Suite 106-17

Kennesaw, GA 30144-1300

Phone: 678-594-6872

Fax: 770-928-2338

www.womeninpackaging.org

World Packaging Organisation

c/o STFI-Packforsk

Box 5604

S-114 86 Stockholm

SWEDEN

Phone: +46 8 676 70 78

Fax: +46 8 411 55 18

www.packaging-technology.com

COPYRIGHT 2005 Stagnito Communications
COPYRIGHT 2005 Gale Group

Return to PIRA
Home Contact Resources Exchange Links ebay