Find information on thousands of medical conditions and prescription drugs.

Typhoid

This about the disease typhoid fever. See typhus for an unrelated disease with a similar name. more...

Home
Diseases
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
Candidiasis
Tachycardia
Taeniasis
Talipes equinovarus
TAR syndrome
Tardive dyskinesia
Tarsal tunnel syndrome
Tay syndrome ichthyosis
Tay-Sachs disease
Telangiectasia
Telangiectasia,...
TEN
Teratoma
Teratophobia
Testotoxicosis
Tetanus
Tetraploidy
Thalassemia
Thalassemia major
Thalassemia minor
Thalassophobia
Thanatophobia
Thoracic outlet syndrome
Thrombocytopenia
Thrombocytosis
Thrombotic...
Thymoma
Thyroid cancer
Tick paralysis
Tick-borne encephalitis
Tietz syndrome
Tinnitus
Todd's paralysis
Topophobia
Torticollis
Touraine-Solente-Golé...
Tourette syndrome
Toxic shock syndrome
Toxocariasis
Toxoplasmosis
Tracheoesophageal fistula
Trachoma
Transient...
Transient Global Amnesia
Transposition of great...
Transverse myelitis
Traumatophobia
Treacher Collins syndrome
Tremor hereditary essential
Trichinellosis
Trichinosis
Trichomoniasis
Trichotillomania
Tricuspid atresia
Trigeminal neuralgia
Trigger thumb
Trimethylaminuria
Triplo X Syndrome
Triploidy
Trisomy
Tropical sprue
Tropophobia
Trypanophobia
Tuberculosis
Tuberous Sclerosis
Tularemia
Tungiasis
Turcot syndrome
Turner's syndrome
Typhoid
Typhus
Tyrosinemia
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
Medicines

Typhoid fever is an illness caused by the bacterium Salmonella typhi. Very common worldwide, it is transmitted by food or water contaminated with feces from an infected person.

Symptoms

After infection, symptoms include:

  • a high fever from 103° to 104°F (39° to 40°C) that rises slowly
  • chills
  • slow pulse rate (bradycardia)
  • weakness
  • diarrhea
  • headaches
  • myalgia
  • lack of appetite
  • constipation
  • stomach pains
  • in some cases, a rash of flat, rose-colored spots called "rose spots"

Extreme symptoms such as intestinal perforation or hemorrhage, delusions, and confusion also are possible

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is made by blood, bone marrow or stool cultures and with the Widal test (demonstration of salmonella antibodies against antigens O-somatic and H-flagellar) or, in less affluent countries with the urine diazo test. In epidemics and less wealthy countries, after excluding malaria, dysentery or pneumonia, a therapeutic trial with chloramphenicol is generally undertaken while awaiting the results of Widal test and blood cultures.

Treatment

Typhoid fever can be fatal. Antibiotics, such as ampicillin, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and ciprofloxacin are commonly used in treating typhoid fever in the west.

When untreated, typhoid fever persists for three weeks to a month. Death occurs in between 10% and 30% of untreated cases. Vaccines for typhoid fever are available and are advised for persons traveling in regions where the disease is common (especially Asia, Africa, and Latin America).

Transmission

A person may become an asymptomatic carrier of typhoid fever, suffering no symptoms, but capable of infecting others. According to the Centers for Disease Control approximately 5% of people who contract typhoid continue to carry the disease after they recover.

The most notorious carrier of typhoid fever, but by no means the most destructive, was Mary Mallon, also known as Typhoid Mary. In 1907 she became the first American carrier to be identified and traced. She was a cook in New York at the beginning of the 20th Century. Some believe she was the source of infection for several hundred people. She is closely associated with fifty cases and five deaths. Public health authorities told Mary to give up working as a cook or have her gall bladder removed. Mary quit her job, but returned later under a false name. She was detained and quarantined after another typhoid outbreak. She died of a stroke after 23 years in quarantine.

Famous victims

Typhoid fever has touched the lives of several famous people.

Read more at Wikipedia.org


[List your site here Free!]


Typhoid Mary: The Most Dangerous Woman in America $11.92 Typhoid Mary : An Urban Historical $4.89
Mass Vaccination: Global Aspects - Progress and Obstacles (Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology) $139.00 Typhoid Mary $5.01
Nova: Typhoid Mary $18.95

Bacteremic typhoid fever in children in an urban slum, Bangladesh
We confirmed a bacteremic typhoid fever incidence of 3.9 episodes/1,000 person-years during fever surveillance in a Dhaka urban slum. The relative risk ...
Typhoid fever in Haiti - News Watch - Brief Article
According to the World Health Organization, as of May 30, 2003, 200 cases of typhoid fever, including 40 deaths, had occurred in remote villages of the Grand Bois Area of Haiti. Deaths occurred pri
Estimating the incidence of typhoid fever and other febrile illnesses in developing countries
To measure the incidence of typhoid fever and other febrile illnesses in Bilbeis District, Egypt, we conducted a household survey to determine patterns ...
Typhoid fever
Typhoid fever is a severe infection caused by a bacterium, Salmonella typhi. S. typhi is in the same family of bacteria as the type spread ...
Typhoid Larry? - Brief Article
Cincinnati now has its own version of Typhoid Mary. According the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, a single carrier in the Ohio city infected ...
First typhoid vaccine to protect children proven effective by NICHD scientists - Brief Article
Scientists at the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) have developed and tested the first vaccine capable of protecting ...
Novel typhoid vaccine surpasses old ones - Brief Article
Although many people in industrialized countries think of typhoid fever as a scourge of bygone times, the disease strikes more than 16 million people ...
Infants Losing Only Typhoid Vaccine Product - Brief Article
ATLANTA -- Two traveler's vaccines have been discontinued: the only licensed typhoid fever vaccine for children aged 6 months-2 years and the only licensed cholera vaccine in the United States.

Home Contact Resources Exchange Links ebay