African albino brother & sister (parents in the back)Child with OCA, enjoying the outdoors with sunglasses and hat
Find information on thousands of medical conditions and prescription drugs.

Albinism


Albinism (from Latin albus, meaning "white") is a lack of pigmentation in the eyes, skin and hair. It is an inherited condition resulting from the combination of recessive alleles passed from both parents of an individual. This condition is known to affect mammals, fish, birds, reptiles, and amphibians. While the most common term for an individual affected by albinism is "albino", some of them prefer "person with albinism", because "albino" is often used in a derogatory way. more...

Home
Diseases
A
Aagenaes syndrome
Aarskog Ose Pande syndrome
Aarskog syndrome
Aase Smith syndrome
Aase syndrome
ABCD syndrome
Abdallat Davis Farrage...
Abdominal aortic aneurysm
Abdominal cystic...
Abdominal defects
Ablutophobia
Absence of Gluteal muscle
Acalvaria
Acanthocheilonemiasis
Acanthocytosis
Acarophobia
Acatalasemia
Accessory pancreas
Achalasia
Achard syndrome
Achard-Thiers syndrome
Acheiropodia
Achondrogenesis
Achondrogenesis type 1A
Achondrogenesis type 1B
Achondroplasia
Achondroplastic dwarfism
Achromatopsia
Acid maltase deficiency
Ackerman syndrome
Acne
Acne rosacea
Acoustic neuroma
Acquired ichthyosis
Acquired syphilis
Acrofacial dysostosis,...
Acromegaly
Acrophobia
Acrospiroma
Actinomycosis
Activated protein C...
Acute febrile...
Acute intermittent porphyria
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Acute lymphocytic leukemia
Acute mountain sickness
Acute myelocytic leukemia
Acute myelogenous leukemia
Acute necrotizing...
Acute promyelocytic leukemia
Acute renal failure
Acute respiratory...
Acute tubular necrosis
Adams Nance syndrome
Adams-Oliver syndrome
Addison's disease
Adducted thumb syndrome...
Adenoid cystic carcinoma
Adenoma
Adenomyosis
Adenosine deaminase...
Adenosine monophosphate...
Adie syndrome
Adrenal incidentaloma
Adrenal insufficiency
Adrenocortical carcinoma
Adrenogenital syndrome
Adrenoleukodystrophy
Aerophobia
Agoraphobia
Agrizoophobia
Agyrophobia
Aicardi syndrome
Aichmophobia
AIDS
AIDS Dementia Complex
Ainhum
Albinism
Albright's hereditary...
Albuminurophobia
Alcaptonuria
Alcohol fetopathy
Alcoholic hepatitis
Alcoholic liver cirrhosis
Alektorophobia
Alexander disease
Alien hand syndrome
Alkaptonuria
Alliumphobia
Alopecia
Alopecia areata
Alopecia totalis
Alopecia universalis
Alpers disease
Alpha 1-antitrypsin...
Alpha-mannosidosis
Alport syndrome
Alternating hemiplegia
Alzheimer's disease
Amaurosis
Amblyopia
Ambras syndrome
Amelogenesis imperfecta
Amenorrhea
American trypanosomiasis
Amoebiasis
Amyloidosis
Amyotrophic lateral...
Anaphylaxis
Androgen insensitivity...
Anemia
Anemia, Diamond-Blackfan
Anemia, Pernicious
Anemia, Sideroblastic
Anemophobia
Anencephaly
Aneurysm
Aneurysm
Aneurysm of sinus of...
Angelman syndrome
Anguillulosis
Aniridia
Anisakiasis
Ankylosing spondylitis
Ankylostomiasis
Annular pancreas
Anorchidism
Anorexia nervosa
Anosmia
Anotia
Anthophobia
Anthrax disease
Antiphospholipid syndrome
Antisocial personality...
Antithrombin deficiency,...
Anton's syndrome
Aortic aneurysm
Aortic coarctation
Aortic dissection
Aortic valve stenosis
Apert syndrome
Aphthous stomatitis
Apiphobia
Aplastic anemia
Appendicitis
Apraxia
Arachnoiditis
Argininosuccinate...
Argininosuccinic aciduria
Argyria
Arnold-Chiari malformation
Arrhythmogenic right...
Arteriovenous malformation
Arteritis
Arthritis
Arthritis, Juvenile
Arthrogryposis
Arthrogryposis multiplex...
Asbestosis
Ascariasis
Aseptic meningitis
Asherman's syndrome
Aspartylglycosaminuria
Aspergillosis
Asphyxia neonatorum
Asthenia
Asthenia
Asthenophobia
Asthma
Astrocytoma
Ataxia telangiectasia
Atelectasis
Atelosteogenesis, type II
Atherosclerosis
Athetosis
Atopic Dermatitis
Atrial septal defect
Atrioventricular septal...
Atrophy
Attention Deficit...
Autoimmune hepatitis
Autoimmune...
Automysophobia
Autonomic dysfunction
Familial Alzheimer disease
Senescence
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
Medicines

A humorous compensation for this was the invention of the word "pigmento" for a normally pigmented person. The gene which results in albinism prevents the body from making the usual amounts of a pigment called melanin. Albinism used to be categorised as Tyrosinase positive or negative. In cases of Tyrosinase positive albinism, the enzyme tyrosinase is present but is unable to enter pigment cells to produce melanin. In tyrosinase negative cases, this enzyme is not produced. This classification has been rendered obsolete by recent research.

About 1 in 17,000 people have some type of albinism, although up to 1 in 70 are carriers.

There are many genes which are now scientifically proven to be associated with albinism (or better: alterations of the genes). All alterations, however, lead to an alteration of the melanin (pigment/coloring) production in the body. Melanin helps protect the skin from ultraviolet light coming from the sun (see human skin color for more information). Organisms with albinism lack this protective pigment in their skin, and can burn easily from exposure to the sun as a result. Lack of melanin in the eye also results in problems with vision unrelated to photosensitivity, which are discussed further below.

There are two main categories of albinism in humans: oculocutaneous and ocular. In ocular albinism, only the eyes lack pigment. In oculocutaneous pigment is missing from the hair, eyes, and skin. People who have ocular albinism have normal skin/hair color and many have normal eye color. People with oculocutaneous albinism can have no pigment to almost normal. Some may even tan.

The eyes of a person with albinism occasionally appear red due to the underlying blood vessels showing through where there is not enough pigment to cover them. In humans this is rarely the case, as a human eye is quite large and thus produces enough pigment to lend opacity to the eye. However, there are cases in which the eyes appear red or purple, depending on the amount of pigment present.

Vision aside, people with albinism are generally as healthy as the rest of their species, with growth and development occurring as normal. Many animals with albinism, however, lose their protective camouflage and are unable to conceal themselves from their predators or prey. The survivability rate of animals with albinism in the wild is usually quite low. The largest problem people with albinism face is social, as the condition usually is a source of torment during adolescent years.

As albinism is a recessive gene, the chance of offspring with albinism resulting from the pairing of someone/thing with albinism with something/one without albinism is very low and is discussed below.

Read more at Wikipedia.org


[List your site here Free!]


The Da Vinci Code
From Electronic Gaming Monthly, 2/1/06 by Jennifer Tsao

The best-selling novel The Da Vinci Code is one of those books you hear about long before you read it. You might pick it up with some initial skepticism—will it lead to a slippery slope of Oprah-approved literature that ends with Tuesdays With Morrie? (And do you really want to read the same novels as your mom?) It only takes a couple of pages, though, before even the doubters are hooked. The murder mystery mixed with cryptography plus a dash of power politics deep within the bowels of the Vatican makes for truly scintillating reading. The Da Vinci Code is a page-turner even for the less literary-minded out there.

But those same doubters really couldn’t be blamed for wondering why a videogame company might snap up The Da Vinci Code license. It’s not like the book spent a gazillion weeks on the best-seller lists because males aged 18 to 34 were putting it on their Amazon wish lists. If you think about it, though, adapting this book into a game makes a lot of sense. Solving the mystery of a gruesome murder requires you to decipher complex codes, find clues hidden in paintings, and unearth secret doors and hallways.... You’re constantly evading a sinister assassin who represents a shadowy cabal out to destroy you.... You visit a series of exotic locations, from the Louvre Museum in Paris to the Pope’s chambers in the Vatican to the catacombs of Rome and the cathedrals of Britain.... Really, all you need now is a nifty sidekick (surprise! DVC has one) and the game basically designs itself.

The Da Vinci Code is in development by The Collective and is scheduled for release this May to coincide with the opening of the motion picture also based on the book. It’s a third-person action-adventure that plays out the same events from the novel using a variety of standard gameplay mechanics. Sneaking down quiet hallways, car chases through Rome, labyrinthine hedge mazes, melee fighting psychotic monks—if Vatican priests in ancient Rome did it, chances are it’s in this game.

The player will assume the role of Robert Langdon, the novel’s dashing protagonist. He’s a Harvard professor and the world’s leading symbologist (someone who interprets codes and cryptographs). Langdon is played by lovable everyman Tom Hanks in the movie, though it’s not yet certain whether Hanks’ likeness will be in the game. (Naturally, we’re hoping at least his laughably feathery hairdo will be represented.) You’ll also play as Langdon’s cohort, Sophie Neveu (played in the movie by Amelie cutie Audrey Tautou). Cordy Rierson, producer on the game, describes the two characters as “stylistically and behaviorally different, providing the player a variety of experiences, including stealth, adventure, and combat.” Each character will have his or her own strengths and weaknesses, too. “Sophie’s petite stature, physical speed, agility, and law enforcement skills” will be her primary assets, says Rierson, while Langdon will utilize his “knowledge, physical capabilities, and prowess.”

In other words, this won’t be a point and click adventure tale full of arcane puzzles and other such dull fare that might be more familiar to the people who haven’t played any games but CSI or Myst. “There is so much diversity offered to the player in this game,” says Rierson, “whether it’s stealth play through dark corridors, creating diversions for a quick getaway, or facing the fire going toe-to-toe with a mercenary monk while fighting for your life.” So, while the book may have been targeted at the geriatric set, the game sounds like it’s aimed directly at today’s action gamers.

The movie is being directed by Ron Howard, who’s come a long, long way since The Burbs. Recently, he’s executive produced several TV series that are hits with the gamer crowd (Arrested Development, 24), and his record with movies (A Beautiful Mind, Cinderella Man) is impeccable. So if Steven Spielberg is getting involved in making games with Electronic Arts and Peter Jackson’s all about Kong, we wondered if Ron Howard

would be wanting to get in on this game action. “Ron Howard has provided some key creative suggestions that have helped us stay true to the movie’s spirit and touch on the major themes,” says Rierson. That said, the game will offer something new even to someone who’s read the book and seen the movie. “The game expands The Da Vinci Code universe and allows the player to explore locations not visited in the book or the film,” says Rierson.

These early screens give no clear indication of how the game will play. But if even one out of 10 of the grannies who loved the book decides to pick this game up, it’ll still stand a pretty good chance of outselling artsy fare such as Beyond Good and Evil.

Know the Code

Fun facts about everyone’s favorite airplane read

The Vatican

In the book, the Catholic Church’s worldwide headquarters is where a lot of the major action goes down, and we’d imagine with all its hush-hush holiness, it will surely be the setting for a stealth mission or two in the game. Nuns, typically, don’t suffer trespassers lightly....

The Louvre

The scene of the crime, and of the Mona Lisa. According to the website for the book, the museum’s art collection is so massive that it would require an unwieldy number of full-time staffers to monitor all the museum’s security cameras. Consequently, a bunch of the cameras are fake.

Mona Lisa

Possibly the world’s most famous work of art, La Gioconda, as she’s known in her native Italian, plays a prominent role in The Da Vinci Code. The book posits that this painting, along with The Last Supper, contains hidden clues about Catholicism’s deepest, darkest secrets.

Opus Dei

Respectable Catholic prelature that promotes clean living and hard work, or shadow cult with misogynistic, masochistic tendencies and a right-wing political agenda? We’re still figuring that one out for sure, but you can imagine which characterization made it into the book.

Albino Monks

The primary villain is Opus Dei operative Silas, a sex-crazed and self-flagellating albino monk. The negative characterization has albino rights activists up in arms—especially as Silas’ eyes are spookily described as red. “That’s a myth,” says one expert. “Most often in people with albinism the eyes are light blue or even hazel.” (For the record, the movie stars the blue-eyed Paul Bettany in the role.)

Publisher: 2K Games Developer: The Collective/Foundation 9 Release Date: May 2006

Copyright © 2006 Ziff Davis Media Inc. All Rights Reserved. Originally appearing in Electronic Gaming Monthly.

Return to Albinism
Home Contact Resources Exchange Links ebay