African albino brother & sister (parents in the back)Child with OCA, enjoying the outdoors with sunglasses and hat
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Albinism


Albinism (from Latin albus, meaning "white") is a lack of pigmentation in the eyes, skin and hair. It is an inherited condition resulting from the combination of recessive alleles passed from both parents of an individual. This condition is known to affect mammals, fish, birds, reptiles, and amphibians. While the most common term for an individual affected by albinism is "albino", some of them prefer "person with albinism", because "albino" is often used in a derogatory way. more...

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A humorous compensation for this was the invention of the word "pigmento" for a normally pigmented person. The gene which results in albinism prevents the body from making the usual amounts of a pigment called melanin. Albinism used to be categorised as Tyrosinase positive or negative. In cases of Tyrosinase positive albinism, the enzyme tyrosinase is present but is unable to enter pigment cells to produce melanin. In tyrosinase negative cases, this enzyme is not produced. This classification has been rendered obsolete by recent research.

About 1 in 17,000 people have some type of albinism, although up to 1 in 70 are carriers.

There are many genes which are now scientifically proven to be associated with albinism (or better: alterations of the genes). All alterations, however, lead to an alteration of the melanin (pigment/coloring) production in the body. Melanin helps protect the skin from ultraviolet light coming from the sun (see human skin color for more information). Organisms with albinism lack this protective pigment in their skin, and can burn easily from exposure to the sun as a result. Lack of melanin in the eye also results in problems with vision unrelated to photosensitivity, which are discussed further below.

There are two main categories of albinism in humans: oculocutaneous and ocular. In ocular albinism, only the eyes lack pigment. In oculocutaneous pigment is missing from the hair, eyes, and skin. People who have ocular albinism have normal skin/hair color and many have normal eye color. People with oculocutaneous albinism can have no pigment to almost normal. Some may even tan.

The eyes of a person with albinism occasionally appear red due to the underlying blood vessels showing through where there is not enough pigment to cover them. In humans this is rarely the case, as a human eye is quite large and thus produces enough pigment to lend opacity to the eye. However, there are cases in which the eyes appear red or purple, depending on the amount of pigment present.

Vision aside, people with albinism are generally as healthy as the rest of their species, with growth and development occurring as normal. Many animals with albinism, however, lose their protective camouflage and are unable to conceal themselves from their predators or prey. The survivability rate of animals with albinism in the wild is usually quite low. The largest problem people with albinism face is social, as the condition usually is a source of torment during adolescent years.

As albinism is a recessive gene, the chance of offspring with albinism resulting from the pairing of someone/thing with albinism with something/one without albinism is very low and is discussed below.

Read more at Wikipedia.org


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The Gong Show
From Computer Gaming World, 6/1/03 by Robert Coffey

Here’s an idea for a game: It’s an RTS called Race War. What really sets it apart is that the resources are different for every side. The Koreans have only two food sources: dogs and tree bark. The African-American forces have to steal all their vehicles and create new units at the Baby-Momma’s House, where they can thankfully churn out loads of superpredator babies—good thing, because they tend to die real young. I still haven’t quite worked out what the Jewish, Polish, and Italian factions will be doing, but you can bet it’ll be some kind of crazy funny thing. It’s just a game, right? It doesn’t mean anything, right?

OK, so, if you’re nodding right now, then you are two things: wrong and an idiot. Odds are, you’re also composing an e-mail in your head, in which you tell me you’re tired of me being so super-sensitive and tree-huggy about everything. That I should stop feeling the gong-banging Chinese armies in C&C: Generals are ignorant, reductive cultural stereotypes. That I and the rest of CGW need to relax and understand it’s all just a joke. Surprise—I understand it’s a joke, the same way I understand “What do you get when you cross a porch monkey and a Jap?” is a joke.

The fact is, there are good ideas, bad ideas, and wrong ideas. And while the majority of our readers are smart enough to write us letters intelligently wrestling with the good ideas in gaming, a surprising number defend the wrong ideas—most recently, the grade school–level racial caricatures shot through C&C: Generals. I am constantly stunned and infuriated by the number of people willing to zealously defend such crap. And I’m not talking about defending Generals as a game (one more C&C inflicted upon humanity is merely a bad idea). I’m talking about the supergenius that wrote “To be totally honest, I'm tired of all the panzy-assed [sic], whiney, liberal pussies that get offended every time someone mentions ANYTHING controversial or even hinting at ethnic or racial differences.” You sir, are a troglodyte. To suggest that Di Luo’s apparent Asian-ness makes him maybe a little too sensitive to Chinese stereotyping and therefore ill-suited to review a game that sports such great Chinkinese buffoonery, let me tell you this: Until racial background is listed on the side of the box along with RAM requirements, we’ll just keep assuming any games released in this country are meant for Americans in general and assign reviews accordingly.

I’m about two pink eyes short of albinism and I was offended by Generals. Offended that the idea of playing as obviously real-world–based terrorists was somehow supposed to be fun. Put off by the splash art that featured shadowy, menacing A-rabs and “We Breed ’Em By The Litter” Chinese. (Why didn’t they just get an intern to pull up the corner of his eyes with his fingers and stick his upper teeth out?) As for the American? Stalwart, square-jawed, and so right, good, and true that I wanted to puke. If it’s all such an elaborate joke, then why isn’t it taken all the way? Let’s take away the American vehicles and instead drop their fat asses on riding lawnmowers, slap a beer helmet onto their head, and—yee-haw!—let ’em go! Let the other sides stage tractor pulls to distract and trap the Americans—we’ll strike back by dropping McDonald’s restaurants into their cities so they get too fat and full of heart disease to fight.

To be fair, I don’t think C&C: Generals is the most racially insensitive game ever mad—for that, you need to pluck Shadow Warrior out of the bargain bin. And I don’t think the designers of either of those games, or of the original Soldier of Fortune or Daikatana (Superfly Johnson is about one “Feets, do yo’ duty!” away from burnt-cork minstrel capering) were motivated by malice in making the decisions they did when building their games. I honestly think they just didn’t understand, that they sincerely thought they were being funny or clever. But ignorance is an excuse that rings as hollow as, “I didn’t know not paying income tax was against the law.”

Stupidity is one thing, defending it another, and to suggest that we as journalists are somehow amiss by calling attention to objectionable material in games is ludicrous. Games shouldn’t get a free pass any more than movies, music, or television. Just because something is allegedly done in the name of fun doesn’t make it right—otherwise, we’d be seeing all those WWII-era Popeye and Bugs Bunny cartoons on Nickelodeon in between episodes of SpongeBob SquarePants. Want the government to stop treating games and gamers as a potential antichrist? Then grow the hell up and act like adults.

Copyright © 2003 Ziff Davis Media Inc. All Rights Reserved. Originally appearing in Computer Gaming World.

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