Chemical structure of didasonine.
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Videx

Didanosine (2'-3'-dideoxyinosine, ddI) is sold uner the trade names Videx® and Videx EC®. It is a reverse transcriptase inhibitor, effective against HIV and usually used in combination with other antiviral drug therapy as part of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). more...

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History

Didanosine was developed by Samuel Broder, Hiroaki Mitsuya, and Robert Yarchoan in the National Cancer Institute (NCI). Since the NCI cannot market a product, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) awarded a ten-year exclusive licensed to Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. (BMS) to market and sell ddI as Videx® tablets.

Didanosine became the second drug approved for the treatment of HIV infection in many other countries, including in the United States by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on Oct 9, 1991. Its FDA approval helped bring down the price of zidovudine (AZT), the initial anti-HIV drug.

Didanosine has weak acid stability and is easily damaged by stomach acid. Therefore, the original formula approved by the FDA used chewable tablets that included an antacid buffering compound to neutralize stomach acid. The chewable tablets were not only large and fragile, they also were foul-tasting and the buffering compound would cause diarrhea. Although the FDA had not approved the original formulation for once-a-day dosing it was possible for some people to take it that way.

At the end of its ten-year license, BMS re-formulated Videx® as Videx EC® and patented that, which reformulation the FDA approved in 2000. The new formulation is a smaller capsule containing coated microspheres instead of using a buffering compound. It is approved by the FDA for once-a-day dosing. Also at the end of that ten-year period, the NIH licensed didanosine to Barr Laboratories under a non-exclusive license, and didanosine became the first generic anti-HIV drug marketed in the United States.

One of the patents for ddI will expire in the United States on 2006-08-29, but other patents extend beyond that time.

Mechanism of action

Didanosine (ddI) is a nucleoside analogue of adenosine. It differs from other nucleoside analogues, because it does not have any of the regular bases, instead it has hypoxanthine attached to the sugar ring. Within the cell, ddI is, by cellular enzymes, phosphorylated to active metabolite of dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, ddATP. Like other anti-HIV nucleside analogs, it acts as a chain terminator by incorporation and inhibits viral reverse transcriptase by competing with natural dATP.

Oral absorption of ddI is fairly low (40%) but rapid. The half-life in plasma is only 30 minutes, but in intracellular environment more than 12 hours. An enteric-coated formulation is now marketed as well. The kidneys actively secrete didanosine, the amount being 20 % of the oral dose.

Adverse affects

The side effects of didanosine are mainly headache and nausea, but also peripheral neuropathy, insomnia, pancreatitis and alterations of liver functions have been reported. Drug resistance to didanosine does develop, though slower than to Zidovudine (AZT).

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Software delivers on-demand access control for doors
From Product News Network, 8/2/05

CyberAudit-Web uses cellular communication to remotely program CyberLock electronic keys and lock cylinders in field from anywhere at anytime. Eliminating unauthorized entry and security risks from lost keys, browser-based software also provides report of user activity and enables users to control schedules from central site. Administrators can let managers of remote locations set their own access schedules and view local audit report.

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CORVALLIS, OREGON- Videx announces CyberAudit-Web, a browser-based software program that uses cellular communication to remotely program user keys in the field, anywhere and anytime. Access authorization can be sent to keys via a cellular phone, providing on-demand access and eliminating unauthorized entry and security risks from lost keys. CyberAudit-Web is ideal for small localized businesses, geographically widespread enterprises with multiple locations, or companies that need to grant access to mobile employees, such as service technicians and delivery people.

CyberAudit-Web is used in conjunction with CyberLock electronic keys and lock cylinders. These cylinders install inside traditional mechanical door hardware, and do not require batteries or wiring. In addition, the locks cannot be picked, and the keys cannot be duplicated. There are over 80 different types of cylinders available, which can be used in a wide variety of applications including doors, safes, server cabinets, and padlocks. Besides providing access on demand, CyberAudit-Web provides a comprehensive report of user activity.

CyberAudit-Web's ability to operate on the internet gives you the flexibility to control schedules from a central site. Administrators of the system can give managers of remote locations the ability to set their own access schedules and view the audit report for their specific area of responsibility. This auditing feature provides you with information on all events, including dates and times of openings, attempted openings by users outside of their access schedules, and even a listing of denied entries of those trying to enter your system.

For more information about CyberAudit-Web, please contact Videx by phone at (541) 758-0521, by fax at (541) 752-5285, by email at sales@videx.com, or visit our web site at http://www.videx.com.

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