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Tao

Tao or Dao refers to a Chinese character that was of pivotal meaning in ancient Chinese philosophy and religion. Tao is central to Taoism, but Confucianism also refers to it. Most debates between proponents of one of the Hundred Schools of Thought could be summarized in the simple question: who is closer to the Tao, or, in other words, whose "Tao" is the most powerful? As used in modern spoken and written Chinese, Tao has a wide scope of usage and meaning. Depending on context, the character 道 'Tao' may be rendered as religion, morality, duty, knowledge, rationality, ultimate truth, path, or taste. Its semantics vary widely depending on the context. Tao is generally translated into English as "The Way". more...

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The philosophic and religious use of the character can be analyzed in two main segments: one meaning is "doctrine" or "discourse"; every school owns and defends a specific Tao or discourse about doctrine. In the other meaning, there is the 'Great Tao', that is the source of and guiding principle behind all the processes of the universe. Beyond being and non-being, prior to space and time, Tao is the intelligent ordering principle behind the unceasing flow of change in the natural world. In this sense Tao gains great cosmological and metaphysical significance comparable to the Judaeo-Christian concept of God (albeit stripped of anthropomorphic characteristics); the Greek concept of the logos; or the Dharma in Indian religions.

The nature and meaning of the Tao received its first full exposition in the Tao Te Ching of Laozi, a work which along with those of Confucius and Mencius would have a far-reaching effect on the intellectual, moral and religious life of the Chinese people. Although a book of practical wisdom in many ways, its profoundly metaphysical character was unique among the prevailing forms of thought in China at that time. The religion and philosophy based on the teaching of Laozi and his successor Zhuangzi is known in English as "Taoism." Even if often said to be undefinable and unexplainable with words (even Chinese ones), the present article focuses on the Tao of Taoism.

Some characteristics of Tao

The Tao is the main theme discussed in the Tao Te Ching, an ancient Chinese scripture attributed to Laozi. This book does not specifically define what the Tao is; it affirms that in the first sentence, "The Tao that can be told of is not an Unvarying Tao" (tr. Waley, modified). Instead, it points to some characteristics of what could be understood as being the Tao. Below are some excerpts from the book.

  • Tao as the origin of things: "Tao begets one; One begets two; Two begets three; Three begets the myriad creatures." (TTC 42, tr. Lau, modified)
  • Tao as an inexhaustible nothingness: "The Way is like an empty vessel / That yet may be drawn from / Without ever needing to be filled." (TTC 4, tr. Waley)
  • Tao is omnipotent and infallible: "What Tao plants cannot be plucked, what Tao clasps, cannot slip." (TTC 54, tr. Waley)

In the Yi Jing, a sentence closely relates Tao to Yin-Yang, asserting that "one (phase of) Yin, one (phase of) Yang, is what is called the Tao". Being thus placed at the conjunction of Yin and Yang alternance, Tao can be understood as the continuity principle that underlies the constant evolution of the world.

Tao in the Tao Te Ching

Tao is refered to in many ways in the Tao Te Ching. There are different shades of meanings in the various translations of this great work, which, with over 100 translations, is perhaps the most translated Chinese text in the English language. Here is one translation of the first stanza, describing Tao:

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Tao XM2go
From PC Magazine, 9/6/05 by Michael Kobrin

When the Delphi MyFi XM2go handheld satellite radio came out last fall, it caused quite a stir. The new Tao XM2go is certainly more stylish than its predecessor, but we wish there were some performance enhancements as well. Instead, the Tao XM2go is exactly the same on the inside as the MyFi XM2go and the new Pioneer AirWare. Still, this is a very good portable satellite radio, and the ability to record up to 5 hours of content not only aids in the music discovery process but also ensures that you always have something to listen to, even when you can't get a consistent signal.

The Tao XM2go's main improvement over the MyFi is that it is housed in a black plastic shell with a nonslip coating on the sides, top, and bottom, as well as a black brushed-aluminum faceplate. It looks and feels more rugged than the other XM2go products, but its dimensions (4.5 by 2.8 by 1.2 inches) and weight (7.2 ounces) are roughly the same. The buttons stand out fairly far from the faceplate, and they are backlit so you can see what you're doing in the dark. The layout of the controls is very good for one-handed operation, though you'll also need to use the wheel on the right side, which doubles as a select button. Another difference from the MyFi is that the TAO's mute/pause button is in the center of the four-way rocker rather than below it, providing marginally easier access.

Other than the cosmetic differences, all other aspects of the device are the same as the MyFi and the AirWare. The user-replaceable rechargeable battery lasts just a touch more than 5 hours in live receiving mode. The device retains such handy features as TuneSelect, which lets you choose up to 20 artists or songs and alerts you when they're on the air. It also has a built-in FM transmitter so you can broadcast your satellite-radio signal to any FM stereo. And you can get personalized sports and stock tickers, as well as save up to 30 presets for quick access.

Unfortunately, the Tao suffers from the same set of minor inconveniences as other XM2go products. It has a tough time receiving signals indoors using the built-in antenna. Annoyingly, the device must be powered off during scheduled recording sessions or it will simply skip the session so as not to interrupt your listening. When you press the 2go button for recording, the device misses out on the first few seconds of the programming. It would also be nice if the device could grab songs from the beginning by means of something like a 30-second buffer, but that's still wishful thinking for now.

The Tao XM2go comes with a dizzying array of accessories, including home and car antennas, a remote control, a belt clip, cradles and stands for your home and car, a protective carrying case, and an audio cable.

Overall, we feel that in order to take off in a serious way, handheld satellite radios will have to get smaller and cheaper and offer more functions, such as MP3 support and a color screen. (It would be cool to see the album artwork for the songs you hear.) That said, these devices are gaining popularity despite their expense ($299 for the radio and $12.95 a month for the service) and bulk. The Tao XM2go is the most rugged-looking and ergonomic of the current crop of products, but they all have identical features and performance.

More satellite radio reviews:

Copyright © 2005 Ziff Davis Media Inc. All Rights Reserved. Originally appearing in PC Magazine.

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