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Calculi

A calculus is a concretion of material (usually mineral salts) that forms in an organ or duct of the body. They may block the relevent duct causing pain, swelling and inflammation of the associated organ. more...

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Aetiology

  • From an underlying abnormal excess of the mineral, eg. with elevated levels of calcium (hypercalcaemia) that may cause kidney stones, dietary factors for gallstones.
  • Local conditions at the site in question that promote their formation, e.g. local bacteria action (in kidney stones) or slower fluid flow rates, a possible explanation of the majority of salivary duct calculus occuring in the submandibular salivary gland.
  • Bezoars are a type of calculus found in the intestines of mostly ruminant animals and may be composed of inorganic or organic constituents.

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No More Kidney Stones $7.86 Domains and Lambda Calculi (Cambridge Tracts in Theoretical Computer Science) $78.00
The Parametric Lambda Calculus : A Metamodel for Computation (Texts in Theoretical Computer Science. An EATCS Series) $54.77 A Theory of Distributed Objects $62.97
The Calculi of Lambda Conversion. (AM-6) (Annals of Mathematics Studies) $29.30 An Introduction To Lambda Calculi For Computer Scientists $21.01
Concurrency Theory : Calculi an Automata for Modelling Untimed and Timed Concurrent Systems $82.75 Urolithiasis: A Medical and Surgical Reference $40.00
Analytic geometry and calculus (The Appleton-Century mathematics series) $2.94 The Kidney Stones Handbook: A Patient's Guide to Hope, Cure and Prevention $1.30

Treatment of Urinary Calculi in the Combat Zone
Renal colic is a common condition among deployed soldiers in the Middle East. Eight percent of all admissions to the jump package of the 21st Combat Support ...
Retrieving Salivary Calculi Using a Basket Extractor
Salivary calculi account for more than one half of cases of major salivary gland disease and are the most common cause of acute and chronic salivary ...
Multiple intraparenchymal parotid calculi: a case report and review of the literature - Original Article
Abstract We describe an unusual case of bilateral intraparenchymal parotid stones with unilateral parotitis in a 17-year-old boy. The patient went ...
Laser ureterolithotripsy for cystine calculi
Until recently, treatment options for patients with cystine calculi were not favorable. Using holmium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (YAG) losers to frogment cystine calculi, however, may provide a minimally
American Urological Association recommends observation for the majority of cases of ureteral calculi
Most calculi that are lodged in the ureter but are not causing excruciating pain for the patient can best be managed initially by observation without resorting to surgery, according to new treatment
Modulatory effect of Plectranthus amboinicus Lour. on ethylene glycol-induced nephrolithiasis in rats
Byline: M. Alvin Jose, Ibrahim, S. Janardhanan Sir, Nephrolithiasis is worldwide in distribution and affecting 2% of the world population.[1] In ...
Managing patients with urolithiasis over time
Up to 12 percent of the population will have a urinary tract stone at least once, and the likelihood of stone recurrence is about 50 percent. Teichman ...
Ultrasonography for evaluation of suspected urinary calculi
Investigation of acute flank pain associated with hematuria has traditionally included an excretory urogram to exclude or detect calculi. However, this ...

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