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Geodon

Ziprasidone (sold as Geodon®) was the fifth atypical antipsychotic to gain FDA approval. Ziprasidone is FDA approved for the treatment of schizophrenia, and the intramuscular injection form of ziprasidone is approved for acute agitation in schizophrenic patients. Clinical trials were conducted in acute cases of mania. Long-term trials have not been conducted for acute bipolar symptoms. Any "hypersensitivity to the product" – including any of the adverse events noted during clinical trials – should be grounds for discontinuance. more...

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It has been approved for acute episodes indicative of bipolar type I. It has not been studied in adolescents or children (under age 10). Such a trial has been ordered by the FDA as one condition during the approval process. The brand name Geodon® has been suggested to bring to mind the phrase 'down (don) to earth (geo)' referring to the goals of medication.

Pharmacology

Ziprasidone has a high affinity for dopamine, serotonin, and alpha-adrenergic receptors and a medium affinity for histaminic receptors. Ziprasidone is somewhat unique among the "atypicals" in that it also displays some inhibition of synaptic reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine, although the clinical significance of this is unknown. The mechanism of action of ziprasidone is unknown. However it is theorized that its antipsychotic activity is mediated primarily by antagonism at dopamine receptors, specifically D2. Serotonin antagonism may also play a role in the effectiveness of ziprasidone, but the significance of 5-HT2A antagonism is debated among researchers. Antagonism at histaminic and alpha adrenergic receptors likely explains some of the side effects of ziprasidone, such as sedation and orthostasis.

Pharmacokinetics

The systemic bioavailability of ziprasidone administered intramuscularly is 100%, or 60%, administered orally with food. After a single dose intramuscular administration, the peak serum concentration typically occurs at about 60 minutes after the dose is administered, or earlier. Steady state plasma concentrations are achieved within one to three days. The mean half-life (T 1/2) ranges from two to five hours. Exposure increases in a dose-related manner and following three days of intramuscular dosing, little accumulation is observed.

Metabolism

Ziprasidone is hepatically metabolized by aldehyde reductase. Minor metabolism occurs via cytochrome P450 3A4. Medication that induce (e.g carbamazepine) or inhibit (e.g. ketoconazole) CYP3A4 have been shown to decrease and increase, respectively, blood levels of ziprasidone. There are no known induces or inhibitors of aldehyde reductase.

Adverse events

Ziprasidone may increase the QTc interval in some patients and may increase the risk of a type of heart arrythmia known as torsades de pointes. Ziprasidone should be used cautiously in patients taking other medications likely to interact with ziprasidone or increase the QTc interval.

Adverse events reported for ziprasidone include sedation, insomnia, orthostasis, akathisia and other permanent extrapyramidal side-effects such as tardive dyskinesia. Rarely, temporary speech disorders may result.

The medication can cause any conceivable side effect. See the FDA label for more information.

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Coming events
From Rocks & Minerals, 11/1/05

NOTICE TO CLUBS--Listing of all shows is a free service provided by ROCKS & MINERALS. Information on upcoming shows must be received at least four months before date of publication. Include date, place, sponsoring club, and name and address of show chairman. Send all notices to: Coming Events, ROCKS & MINERALS, 1319 Eighteenth St., NW, Washington, DC 20036-1802; rm@heldref.org.

November 4-5--Anchorage, AK. Chugach Gem and Mineral Society and Alaska Miners Association. Rock and Mineral Show. Sheraton Anchorage Hotel, 401 E. 6th Ave. Info.--Anita Williams, awilliam@alaska.net.

November 4-6--Cleveland, OH. The Micromount Society of the Cleveland Museum of Natural History. 20th Annual Micromount Symposium. Cleveland Museum of Natural History, 1 Wade Oval, University Circle. Info.--Dick Green, 330/929-2395; jgreen2@neo.rr.com.

November 4-6--Round Rock, TX. Central Texas Pale ontological Society. 14th Annual Fossil Fest. Old Settler's Park, off Hwy. 79 E. of IH-35. Info.--Ron Root, 512/345-6718; 512/936-5974; ron@grassrootstrader. com; Danny Harlow, 512/327 4535; dharlow@austin. rr.com; Bill Kidd, 512/453-9686; 512/478-5663; billkidd@texas.net.

November 4-6--Eugene, OR. Springfield Thunderegg Rock Club. 48th Annual Rock & Gem Show. Oakway Center, 112 Coburg Rd., off Hwy. 126. Info.--Scott Allison, 541/935-5067; Jim Nelson, 541/687-8100; tworockyi@aol.com.

November 5-6--Ridgecrest, CA. Indian Wells Gem and Mineral Society, Inc. Treasures of the Earth Show. Desert Empire Fairgrounds, 520 S. Richmond Rd. Info.--John DeRosa, P.O. Box 1481, Ridgecrest, CA 93556; 760/375-7905.

November 5-6--Media, PA. Friends of Mineralogy Pennsylvania Chapter. Fall Symposium: Classic Eastern Localities III. Delaware County Institute of Science, 11 Veterans Square. Info.--Arnold Mogel, 15 Oak Rd., Schuylkill Haven, PA 17972; pioche@losch.net.

November 5-6--Exton, PA. Tuscarora Lapidary Society. 36th Annual Gemarama. CES, School at Church Fam, Business Rt. 30 and Rt. 202. Info.--Nancy Marks, 570/342-1355; lapidary.org.

November 6-7--Winter Haven, FL. Imperial Bone Valley Gem, Mineral & Fossil Society, Inc. Gem, Mineral & Fossil Fair. Nora Mayo Hall, Florida Citrus Bldg., 500 3rd St. NW. Info.--Marte Dantzman, 863/428-1214; jimdmarted@ij.net.

November 11-13--Puyallup,WA. Northwest Opal Association and Boeing Employees' Mineralogical Society. South Sound Gem, Opal & Mineral Show. Puyallup Fairgrounds Expo Hall, Meridian St. S. Info.--Steve Mackey, 253/759 8903; smackey@harbornet.com.

November 11-13--Fenton, MO. St. Louis Mineral & Gem Society. 48th Annual Show. Stratford Inn, 800 S. Highway Dr. Info.--M. Perucca, 1307 Mystic Seaport, Fenton, MO 63026.

November 11-13--Costa Mesa, CA. Martin Zinn Expositions. West Coast Gem & Mineral Fall Show. Holi day Inn-Bristol Plaza, 3131 S. Bristol. Info.--Martin Zinn Expositions, P.O. Box 665, Bernalillo, NM 87004-0665; fax 505/867-0073; mz0955@aol.com; www.nrzexpos.com.

November 12-13--Sedro-Woolley, WA. Skagit Rock & Gem Club. Treasures of the Earth. Sedro-Woolley Community Center, 720 State St. Info.--Gene Straw, 360/428-0432.

November 12-13--Lake Havasu City, AZ. Lake Havasu Gem & Mineral Society. 36th Annual Show. City Community Aquatic Center, 100 Park Ave. Info.--Manny Frisch, 928/855-9324; Carol J. Stone, 928/505-2865; cjstone@citilink.net.

November 19-20--Fairfax, VA. Northern Virginia Mineral Club, Inc. and Center for Field Studies, New Century College. 14th Annual Gem, Mineral, and Fossil Show. Student Union II, George Mason University. Info.--Diane Nesmeyer, 14326 Springbrook Ct., Woodbridge, VA 22193-3421.

November 19-20--Bremerton, WA. Kitsap Mineral & Gem Society. Fall Festival of Gems. President's Hall, Kitsap County Fairgrounds, 1200 Fairgrounds Rd. Info.--David Reinrers, 3530 NE Old Belfair Hwy. #23, Belfair, WA 98528-9646; 360/275-5986; dnkreimers@earthlink.net.

November 25-27--Wheaton, IL. Geodon Gem Show. DuPage County Fairgrounds, 2015 W. Manchester Rd. Info.--870/453-5736; 630/668-6681.

November 25-27--Mobile, AL. Mobile Rock & Gem Society. 11th Annual Jewelry, Gem & Mineral Show. Greater Gulf State Fairgrounds, Zeigler and Cody. Info.--Ed Harris, 251/865-9157; ed_harris_ jr@hotmail.com; www.geocities.com/mobilerockandgem/mrgchome.htm.

November 26-27--San Francisco, CA. Pacific Crystal Guild. The Great San Francisco Crystal Fair. Fort Mason Center, Laguna and Marina Blvd. Info.--Jerry Tomlinson, 415/383-7837; sfxtl@earthlink.net.

December 2-4--Austin, TX. Austin Gem and Mineral Society. Gem Capers 2005. Palmer Events Center, 900 Barton Springs Rd. Info.--Ewing Evans, 512/327-0876.

December 2-4--Spring Hill, FL. Hernando County Tourist Development Council and Hernando County Fine Arts Council. 31st Annual Withlacoochee Rockhounds Gem, Mineral and Jewelry Show. Slovene American Club, 13383 County Line Rd. Info.--Jerry Johnson, 352/688-7810.

December 2-4--Montgomery, AL. Montgomery Gem & Mineral Society. 35th Annual Gem, Mineral and Jewelry Show. Garrett Coliseum, Federal Dr. Info.--Jane BarNey, 740 N. Georgetown Dr., Montgomery, AL 36109; 334/277-2722; Iris McGehee, 2433 Upper Wetumpka Rd., Montgomery, AL 36107; 334/262-7275.

December 9-11--Norcross, GA. Georgia Mineral Society. 12th Annual Holiday Gem and Mineral Show. N. Atlanta Trade Center, 1700 Jeurgens Ct. Info.--Kim Cochran, 2695 Van Court, Snellville, GA 30278; 770/979-8331; decembershow@gamineral.org; www. gamineral.org/december-show.htm.

December 10-11--Sheboygan, WI. Glacial Drifters Geologic Society. First Annual Gem, Mineral & Fossil Show. Sheboygan Armory, Pennsylvania Ave. and Boughton Dr. Info.--Kevin, 920/980-6413; Richard, 920/207-4405.

January 28-February 11--Tucson, AZ. Martin Zinn Expositions. Arizona Mineral and Fossil Show. InnSuites Hotel, 475 N. Granada; Mineral & Fossil Marketplace, 1333 N. Oracle Rd.; Clarion Hotel-Randolph Park, 102 N. Alvernon Way; Smuggler's Inn, 6350 E. Speedway; Ramada Limited, 665 N. Freeway. Info.--Martin Zinn Expositions, P.O. Box 665, Bernalillo, NM 87004-0665; fax 505/867-0073; mz0955@aol.com; www.mzexpos.com.

January 28-February 11--Tucson, AZ. AKS Gem Shows. AKS Gem Show/Pacifica. Howard Johnson, 1010 S. Freeway; La Quinta, 750 W. Start Pass Blvd. Info.--Kay Schabilion, P.O. Box 24552, New Orleans, LA 70184; 504/455-6101; fax 504/455-6157; www. aksshow.com.

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