Penicillin nucleusPenicillin was being mass-produced in earnest in 19443D-model of benzylpenicillin
Find information on thousands of medical conditions and prescription drugs.

Bicillin

Penicillin refers to a group of β-lactam antibiotics used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms. The name "penicillin" can also be used in reference to a specific member of the penicillin group. Penicillins have the molecular formula R-C9H11N2O4S, where R is a variable side chain. more...

Home
Diseases
Medicines
A
B
Baciim
Bacitracin
Baclofen
Bactrim
Bactroban
Barbexaclone
Barbital
Baros
Basiliximab
Baycol
Beclamide
Beclometasone
Beclovent
Beconase
Beldin
Benadryl
Benazepril
Bendroflumethiazide
Benserazide
Bentiromide
Benylin
Benzaclin
Benzalkonium chloride
Benzocaine
Benzonatate
Betacarotene
Betadine
Betahistine
Betamethasone
Betaxolol
Bextra
Biaxin
Bibrocathol
Bicalutamide
Bicillin
Biclotymol
Biotin
Bisoprolol
Bleomycin
Blocadren
Boldenone
Boniva
Bontril
Bosentan
Bravelle
Brethaire
Brevibloc
Brevicon
Bricanyl
Bromazepam
Bromelain
Bromhexine
Bromocriptine
Brompheniramine
Bronkodyl
Bronopol
BSS
Bucet
Budesonide
Bumetanide
Bupivacaine
Buprenex
Buprenorphine
Buserelin
Buspar
Buspirone
Busulfan
Butalbital
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z

History

Penicillin was originally isolated from the Penicillium chrysogenum (formerly Penicillium notatum) mould. The antibiotic effect was originally discovered by French medical student Ernest Duchesne studying Penicillium glaucum in 1896, but his discovery was ignored by the Institut Pasteur. Another Institut Pasteur scientist, Costa Rican Clodomiro Picado Twight was the first to record the antibiotic effect of Penicillium in 1923.

The serendipitous discovery was finally attributed to Scottish scientist Alexander Fleming in 1928, who noticed a halo of inhibition of bacterial growth around a contaminant blue-green mould on a Staphylococcus plate culture. Fleming concluded that the mould was releasing a substance that was inhibiting bacterial growth. He grew a pure culture of the mould and discovered that it was Penicillium notatum – he later named the bacterial inhibiting substance "penicillin" after the Penicillium notatum that released it. Fleming was convinced after conducting some more experiments that penicillin could not last long enough in the human body to kill pathogenic bacteria and stopped studying penicillin after 1931. It would prove to be the one of the discoveries that changed modern medicine. In 1939, Australian scientist Howard Walter Florey and a team of researchers at University of Oxford made significant progress in showing the in vivo bacteriacidal action of penicillin. On 1942-03-14 John Bumstead and Orvan Hess became the first in the world to successfully treat and save a patient using penicillin.

During World War II, penicillin made a major difference in the number of deaths and amputations caused by infected wounds amongst Allied forces. Availability was severely limited, however, by the difficulty of manufacturing large quantities of penicillin and by the rapid renal clearance of the drug necessitating frequent dosing. Penicillins are actively secreted and about 80% of a penicillin dose is cleared within three to four hours of administration. During those times it became common procedure to collect the urine from patients being treated so that the penicillin could be isolated and reused. (Silverthorn, 2004)

This was not a satisfactory solution, however, so researchers looked for a way to slow penicillin secretion. They hoped to find a molecule that could compete with penicillin for the organic acid transporter responsible for secretion such that the transporter would preferentially secrete the competitive inhibitor. The uricosuric agent probenecid proved to be suitable. When probenecid and penicillin are concomitantly administered, probenecid competitively inhibits the secretion of penicillin, increasing its concentration and prolonging its activity. The advent of mass-production techniques and semi-synthetic penicillins solved supply issues, and this use of probenecid declined. (Silverthorn, 2004) Probenecid is still clinically useful, however, for certain infections requiring particularly high concentrations of penicillins. (Rossi, 2004)

Read more at Wikipedia.org


[List your site here Free!]


Inadvertent use of Bicillin[R] C-R to treat syphilis infection--Los Angeles, California, 1999-2004. : An article from: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report $5.95 The effect of Bicillin-3 on production of post vaccinal antibodies and endugenous inhibitors of antibody production =: Vliyanie Bitsillina-3 na vyrabotku ... i endogennykh ingibitorov antitelogeneza (Report NZGS)

Inadvertent use of Bicillin® C-R to treat syphilis infection—Los Angeles, California, 1999-2004
In March 2004, the Los Angeles County Department of Health Services (LACDHS) was notified that a large nonprofit clinic serving the gay and lesbian community in Los Angeles used a nonrecommended pr
Bicillin C-R and Bicillin L-A labels changed to avoid confusion
King Pharmaceuticals Inc. and the Food and Drug Administration are warning physicians about the inappropriate use of Bicillin C-R (penicillin G benzathine ...
Bicillin Confusion - Brief Article - Statistical Data Included
Patients with syphilis may be inadvertently treated with Bicillin C-R more often than providers realize, according to the Centers for Disease Control.
Inadvertent Use of Bicillin C-R for Treatment of Syphilis — Maryland, 1998 - r
In October 1998, the Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (MDH) was notified that a public sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic in a county (county A) had used a nonrecommended pre
An outbreak of pneumococcal pneumonia among military personnel at high risk: Control by low-dose azithromycin postexposure chemoprophylaxis
In the winter of 1998-1999 an outbreak of pneumococcal pneumonia occurred among Ranger students undergoing high-intensity training. Thirty pneumonia cases ...
Management of Group A Beta-Hemolytic Streptococcal Pharyngitis
Bacteria are responsible for approximately 5 to 10 percent of pharyngitis cases, with group A beta-hemolytic streptococci being the most common bacterial ...
Leptospirosis
Leptospirosis is a febrile disease (fever) caused by infection with the bacteria Leptospira interrogans. The disease can range from very mild and ...
Pinta
A bacterial infection of the skin which causes red to bluish-black colored spots.

Home Contact Resources Exchange Links ebay