Chemical structure of abacavir.
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Abacavir

Abacavir (ABC) is the most powerful nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NARTI) used to treat HIV and AIDS. It has been well tolerated, its main side effect being hypersensitivity reactions, which can be dangerous. It is available under the trade name Ziagen™ by GlaxoSmithKline and the combination drug Trizivir™. more...

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Abacavir is one of the most deadly NARTIs, due its ability to trigger to hypersensitivity reactions that lead to sudden death in certain individuals. However, a genetic test is now available that, while not perfect, has reasonable accuracy in predicting whether an individual will be hypersensitive. Over 90% of patients can safely take abacavir.

Strains that are resistant to zidovudine (AZT) or lamivudine (3TC) are generally sensitive to abacavir, whereas strains that are resistant to AZT and 3TC are not as sensitive to abacavir.

History

Abacavir was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on December 18, 1998 and is thus the fifteenth approved antiretroviral drug in the United States. Its patent will expire in the United States on 2009-12-26.

Mechanism of action

ABC is an analog of guanosine. It is capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier.

Abacavir is given orally and has a high bio-availability of 83%. It is metabolised primarily through alcohol dehydrogenase or gluconyl transferase.

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Failure of tenofovir + abacavir + 3TC combination; full report published, more insight. : An article from: AIDS Treatment News $5.95

Abacavir hypersensitivity reaction predicted by genetic test
About 5% of patients have a potentially serious reaction to abacavir (Ziagen), and must discontinue the drug and never use it again. Now researchers ...
Failure of combination abacavir + tenofovir + lamivudine - 3TC - Brief Article
In late July 2003 GlaxoSmithKline warned physicians that a three-drug combination of lamivudine (Epivir[R]), abacavir (Ziagen[R]) and tenofovir (Viread[TM]) ...
Failure of tenofovir + abacavir + 3TC combination; full report published, more insight
In 2003 researchers stopped a clinical trial abruptly when they found that a combination of three drugs that seemed likely to work well together failed ...
Abacavir Rechallenge Warning - Brief Article
HIV-positive patients who have discontinued using the antiretroviral drug abacavir for any reason should not be restarted without first assessing the ...
ABACAVIR - Ziagen
Abacavir tablets are yellow, capsule-shaped, film-coated and imprinted with "GX623" on one side. The drug is also available in an oral solution. "Approval ...
Abacavir arm stopped in clinical trial
A major government clinical trial comparing three HIV treatments stopped the arm using abacavir plus AZT plus 3TC (Trizivir[R]) alone, after patients ...
Gene predicts dangerous drug reaction - HIV Digest - Brief Article
A genetic test can help predict whether a patient will have a perilous reaction to a widely prescribed AIDS medication. Between 5 percent and 10 percent ...
FDA approves new treatments for HIV patients
In August, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved two fixed-dose combination drug products for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection: Epzicom (abacavir/lamivudi

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