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Acarbose

Acarbose is a drug used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus and, in some countries, prediabetes. It is sold in Europe under the brand name Glucobay® (Bayer AG), in North America as Precose® (Bayer AG), and in Canada as Prandase® (Bayer AG). It is an inhibitor of alpha glucosidase, an enteric enzyme that releases glucose from larger carbohydrates. The main side-effect is loose stool or diarrhea, which limits its use, although these effects can be minimised by starting treatment with a low dose and titrating upwards. It is an effective anti-diabetic drug. more...

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Acarbose inhibits enzymes needed to digest carbohydrates: apecifically alpha-glucosidase enzymes in the brush broder of the small intestines and it inhibits pancreatic alpha-amylase. Pancreatic alpha-amylase hydrolyzes complex starches to oligosaccharides in the lumen of the small intestine, whereas the membrane-bound intestinal alpha-glucosidases hydrolyze oligosaccharides, trisaccharides, and disaccharides to glucose and other monosaccharides in the small intestine. Inhibition of these enzyme systems reduces the rate of digestion of complex carbohydrates. Less glucose is absorbed because the carbohydrates are not broken down into glucose molecules. In diabetic patients, the short-term effect of these drugs therapies is to decrease current blood glucose levels: the long term effect is a small reduction in hemoglobin A1C level. (From Drug Therapy in Nursing, 2nd ed)

main side effects: flatulence (decreases with time)

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Oral acarbose may equal insulin for gestational diabetes. (Dietary Compliance Essential).(Precose) : An article from: Family Practice News $5.95 Alpha-Glucosidase inhibitors. (Medication Update).(Brief Article) : An article from: Southern Medical Journal $5.95
Acarbose for glucose intolerance lowers CV risk. (In Addition to Diabetes Prevention). : An article from: Internal Medicine News $5.95

Acarbose treatment decreases risk of cardiovascular disease - Tips from Other Journals
Hyperglycemia, particularly postprandial hyperglycemia, is thought to be an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes.
Acarbose delays onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus - Patient-Oriented Evidence that Matters - Brief Article
Chiasson JL, Josse RG, Gomis R, Hanefeld M, Karasik A, Laakso M. Acarbose for prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus: the STOP-NIDDM randomised trial.
Acarbose, metformin studied in GDM - Oral Agents
LITTLE ROCK, ARK. -- A landmark study demonstrating the efficacy of glyburide use in gestational diabetes mellitus has given the green light to investigations ...
Does the Addition of Acarbose to Metformin Lower HbA1c?
Acarbose, an a-glucosidase inhibitor, controls postprandial hyperglycemia by slowing carbohydrate digestion and absorption. The slowing is accomplished ...
Preliminary data support oral acarbose as insulin alternative - Gestational Diabetes
LOS ANGELES -- Oral acarbose may be as effective as insulin therapy for glycemic control in patients with gestational diabetes if they adhere to dietary ...
Impaired glucose tolerance and impaired fasting glucose
Impaired glucose tolerance and impaired fasting glucose form an intermediate stage in the natural history of diabetes mellitus. From 10 to 15 percent ...
Glycemic health and diabetic nephropathy: a nutritional supplement approach
Introduction As medical science reaches farther back in time to discover ultimate causes and to address primary prevention, it inevitably encounters ...
Type 2 diabetes: the options for managing glycaemia in primary care
The UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS; UKPDS Group 1998a) provided convincing proof of the value of good glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes. This ...

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