Mesalazine
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Asacol

Mesalazine, also known as Mesalamine or 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), is an anti-inflammatory drug used to treat inflammation of the digestive tract (Crohn's disease) and mild to moderate ulcerative colitis. Mesalazine is a bowel-specific drug that is metabolized in the gut and has its predominant actions there, thereby having fewer systemic side effects. Chemically, Mesalazine is 5-amino-2-hydroxybenzoic acid. Mesalazine's empirical formula is C7H7NO3 and its molecular weight is 153.14. more...

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It is sold in the U.S. under the names:

  • CANASA: Rectal suppository with 500 mfg of mesalamine in a base of Hard Fat NF.
  • ROWASA: Rectal suppository and suspension enema.
  • PENTASA: Suspension enema, 250mg, and 500mg tablets.
  • ASACOL: Suspension enema and 400mg tablets

Known side effects

  • Cramping
  • Sudden severe stomach pain
  • Bloody diarrhea
  • Fever
  • Severe headache
  • Rash
  • Nausea
  • Hepatic impairment
  • Agranulocytosis, Aplastic anaemia, Neutropenia, Thrombocytopenia- any sore throats, bruising or excessive bleeding should be reported to the prescribing physician and a Full blood count (rbc and wbc) as well as liver function test be performed
  • Myocarditis
  • Methaeoglobinaemia

Dosing depends on preparation- the UK guidelines from the British National Formulary are: Asacol: 400mg tablets- 6 tablets daily for an acute attack, tablets for prophylaxis. Not recommended for children

NB- preparations that lower stool pH (such as lactulose, a laxative) will affect the binding of Mesalazine in the bowel and will therefore reduce its efficacy.

Pentasa 4g daily for an acute attack, 1.5g daily for prophylaxis

Sources for more information- British National Formulary, Davidsons Practice of Medicine, Oxford Textbook of Medicine, any other text book of medicine-

Read more at Wikipedia.org


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