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Triad

Triad (Simplified: 三合会; Traditional: 三合會; Hanyu Pinyin: Sānhéhuì; literally "Triad Society") is a collective term that describes many branches of an underground society and organizations based in Hong Kong and also operating in Mainland China, Macao, and Chinatowns in Europe, North America, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand. more...

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There are about 50 triad groups that are active in modern Hong Kong; many of them are no more than small, local street gangs. The larger groups, including the Sun Yee On, Wo Shing Wo and 14K, are syndicates of sophisticated criminals, mirror images of such similar western empires of crime as the mafia.

Their activities include drug trafficking, money laundering, illegal gambling, prostitution, car theft and other forms of racketeering. A major source of triad income today comes from the counterfeiting intellectual property such as computer software, music CDs and movie VCDs/DVDs. They also trade in bootleg tobacco products.

History of triads

Precursor to triads—Tian Di Hui

The Triads were started as a resistance to the Manchu Emperor of the Qing Dynasty. In the 1760s, a society called the Tian Di Hui (Heaven and Earth Society) was formed in China. Its purpose was to overthrow the Manchu-led Qing Dynasty and restore Han Chinese rule. As the Tiandihui spread through different parts of China, it branched off into many groups and became known by many names, one of which was "Sanhehui" (Chinese: 三合會; Hanyu Pinyin: sānhéhuì; Yale Cantonese: saam1 hap6 wui2), literally "Three Harmonies Society", referring to the unity between Heaven, Earth, and Man.

These societies accordingly made use of the triangle in their imagery. The name "triad" was coined by British authorities in Hong Kong, referring to that use of triangular imagery.

Post-imperial developments

Over several centuries, what is known as triads today developed from a patriotic society to a criminal organization. Following the overthrowing of the Qing Dynasty of China in 1911, the Hung clan (洪門) suddenly found themselves lost without purpose. Worse still, they somehow managed to miss out on the opportunity to participate in the actual uprising, and many of them were left angry and depressed. Unable to revert to normal civilian lives after spending years living under outlawry, grave danger and extreme violence, many ex-rebels reunited to form a cult which later came to be known as the Triad. Having lost the usual donations and support from the public after the collapse of the Qing empire, members of the newly formed cult resorted to money extortion from the unwilling public through all possible means.

Migration to Hong Kong

When the Communist Party of China took power in 1949, Mainland China was put under strict law enforcement and organized crime diminished. Triad members then migrated south to the then-British crown colony of Hong Kong for the continuance of their business. By 1931, there were eight main triad groups and they had divided Hong Kong up into geographic areas and ethnic groups that each group was responsible for controlling. The eight main ones at that time were the Wo, the Rung, the Tung, the Chuen, the Shing, the Fuk Yee Hing, the Yee On, and the Luen. Each had its own headquarters, its own sub-societies, and its own public covers. After the Riot in Hong Kong in 1956, the government actively enforced the laws that restricted and diminished the Triad activities in Hong Kong.

Read more at Wikipedia.org

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Triad group proposes 21 ideas to boost biotech
From BT Catalyst, 7/1/05

CULMINATING 18 MONTHS OF work, the Advisory Committee for Biotechnology in the Piedmont Triad has announced 21 strategic recommendations for strengthening the industry in the Greensboro, Winston-Salem, High Point region.

The advisory committee, a group of more than two dozen academic, industry and civic leaders working with the North Carolina Biotechnology Center, drafted the recommendations to work in tandem with Gov. Mike Easley's plan New Jobs Across North Carolina: A Strategic Plan for Growing the Economy Statewide Through Biotechnology.

"A statewide plan for biotechnology is in effect, and now a strong plan has taken shape that is tailored to the Piedmont Triad region's needs and effort," said Russ Read, vice chair of the advisory committee and executive director for the National Center for the Biotechnology Workforce at Forsyth Technical Community College.

The advisory committee's 21 recommendations call for:

* Creating a regional directory of goods manufactured by local biotechnology companies

* Building a database of available wet lab space

* Forming a legislative team to monitor the Triad's biotechnology priorities

* Collecting economic and academic data from primary and secondary data sources

* Hosting a reception dinner to showcase the Triad's biotechnology community

* Partnering with the Council for Entrepreneurial Development to host Biotech 2006

* Developing national and regional public relations and advertising campaigns extolling the virtues of the Triad's biotechnology community

* Marketing agricultural biotechnology

* Creating intellectual exchange groups based on scientific topics

* Operating databases of university research and intellectual property assets

* Providing more interaction between the Triad's universities and industry members

* Developing innovative training and career programs

* Creating a Translational Research Center for the central nervous system and behavioral sciences

* Promoting community college programs and develop new ones based on industry feedback

* Determining recruiting needs and the alliances needed to bring renowned researchers to the Triad

* Creating financial packages to support recruitment efforts

Forming a welcoming committee for new clients

* Providing affordable, short-term office/lab space by creating a "wet-lab hotel"

* Creating low-cost office space for foreign countries to place a regional liaison

* Forming a team with local partners to recruit contract manufacturing companies

* Attracting entrepreneurs to develop businesses around the region's Centers of Excellence such as the Institute for Regenerative Medicine.

The 21 recommendations were announced July 14 at the Triad BioNight celebration in Greensboro.

Triad Leaders Honored for Biotech Work

Six biotechnology leaders in the Piedmont Triad were honored at the Triad BioNight celebration July 14 in Greensboro for their work in developing biotechnology in the region.

* Anthony Atala, M.D., director of the Institute for Regenerative Medicine, and chair of the Department of Urology at Wake Forest University Health Sciences, received the Research and Development Excellence Award.

* Roland H. Johnson, president & CEO of Piedmont Pharmaceuticals, received the Entrepreneurial Excellence Award.

* Gary M. Green, president, and Lucas Shallua, biotechnology program coordinator, of Forsyth Technical Community College received the Academic Development Excellence Award.

* Gwyn Riddick, director of the North Carolina Biotechnology Center's Piedmont Triad Office, received the Piedmont Biotechnology Community Leadership Excellence Award.

* Bill Dean, president of !dealliance, received the Biotechnology Service and Support Excellence Award.

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