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Capecitabine

Capecitabine (brand name: Xeloda®) is an orally-administered chemotherapeutic agent used in the treatment of metastatic breast and colorectal cancers. It is enzymatically converted to fluorouracil in the body, where it inhibits DNA synthesis and slows growth of tumor tissue. more...

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Indications

Capecitabine is FDA-approved for:

Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

  • Used as first-line monotherapy, if appropriate.

Metastatic Breast Cancer

  • Used in combination with docetaxel, after failure of anthracycline-based treatment.
  • Used as monotherapy, if the patient has failed paclitaxel-based treatment, and if anthracycline-based treatment has either failed or cannot be continued for other reasons (i.e., the patient has already received the maximum lifetime dose of an anthracycline).

Dose

The usual starting dose is 2,500 mg/m2/day in two divided doses, 12 hours apart. One cycle includes two weeks of treatment followed by one week without treatment. Cycles can be repeated every three weeks.

Dose Adjustments

  • For mild renal dysfunction (creatinine clearance 30-50 mL/min), it is recommended to reduce dose by 25%.
  • For severe renal dysfunction (creatinine clearance <30 mL/min), treatment is not recommended.
  • There is no recommendation for hepatic dysfunction.
  • For elderly patients, lower doses may be required due to higher incidences of serious adverse reactions.

Administration

Take orally with water, within 30 minutes after a meal.

Potential Adverse Reactions (Major)

  • Cardiovascular: EKG changes, myocardial infarction, angina (these may be more common in patients with pre-existing coronary artery disease)
  • Dermatological: Hand-foot syndrome (numbness, tingling, pain, redness, or blistering of the palms of the hands and soles of the feet)
  • Gastrointestinal: Diarrhea (sometimes severe), nausea, stomatitis
  • Hematological: Neutropenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia
  • Hepatic: Hyperbilirubinemia

Drug Interactions

  • Capecitabine may interact with warfarin and increase bleeding risk. It is recommended to watch coagulation levels (INR) closely and adjust warfarin doses appropriately.
  • Capecitabine may inhibit cytochrome CYP2C9 enzyme, and therefore increase levels of substrates such as phenytoin. It is recommended to monitor phenytoin levels in patients taking both medications. Other substrates of CYP2C9 may also be affected. Evaluate according to clinical judgment.
  • Much as fluorouracil, the concomitant use of leucovorin may increase both the efficacy and the toxicity of capecitabine.

Pregnancy / Lactation Information

  • Capecitabine is pregnancy category D. Women of childbearing potential are advised to avoid becoming pregnant while using capecitabine.
  • Significant amounts of capecitabine may be excreted into the breast milk. It is recommended to discontinue nursing while using capecitabine.

Read more at Wikipedia.org


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Fda Approves Lorus/Nci Gti-2040 Phase Ii Clinical Trial
From Worldwide Biotech, 10/1/03

Lorus Therapeutics Inc., Toronto, Canada, has announced that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved the U.S. National Cancer Institute's (NCI) Investigational New Drug Application (IND) to begin a Phase II clinical trial to investigate Lorus' lead antisense drug, GTI-2040, as a treatment for metastatic breast cancer in combination with capecitabine (Xeloda, Roche).

On February 11, 2003, Lorus announced a formal clinical trial agreement between the NCI and Lorus in which the NCI will financially sponsor a series of Phase II clinical trials to investigate the safety and efficacy of GTI-2040 in six different cancer indications, while Lorus will provide the drug. This clinical trial of GTI-2040 in breast cancer is based on positive results obtained in previous preclinical and clinical investigations with the drug, and is the second clinical trial initiation in collaboration with the NCI to be approved by the FDA. The first was a clinical study with GTI-2040 in combination with cytarabine for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. GTI-2040 is also in a Phase II clinical trial in the U.S. for the treatment of kidney cancer.

"We are very pleased to advance GTI-2040 into a Phase II clinical trial for breast cancer in cooperation with the U.S. NCI. This achievement marks a significant milestone for Lorus and for the development of this drug." said Dr. Jim Wright, chief executive officer, Lorus. "We believe that new treatment approaches with more effective drugs are essential for managing diseases like breast cancer. Previous studies with GTI-2040 indicate its potential to be used in these treatment strategies, so we are looking forward to the results of this very important clinical investigation."

Dr. Helen Chew of the University of California Davis Cancer Center will be the lead investigator of this GTI-2040 Phase II clinical trial. A total of three sites: the University of California Davis, the University of Southern California, and the City of Hope, together also known as the California Cancer Consortium, will be participating. Since the California Cancer Consortium's inception, thousands of patients have participated in leading clinical studies sponsored by this group.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in North American women and is the second leading cause of cancer deaths. It is estimated that in 2003, approximately 21,340 new cases of breast cancer will be diagnosed in Canada, while 212,600 new cases of the disease will be diagnosed in the U.S. In the same year, approximately 45,500 men and women in North America will die from breast cancer. Although treatable, metastatic breast cancer is considered incurable with few patients achieving long-term survival with standard chemotherapeutic agents.

About Lorus

Lorus is a biopharmaceutical company focused on the research and development of cancer therapies. Lorus' goal is to capitalize on its research, pre-clinical, clinical and regulatory expertise by developing new drug candidates that can be used, either alone, or in combination, to successfully manage cancer. Through its own discovery efforts and an active acquisition and in-licensing program, Lorus is building a portfolio of promising anti-cancer drugs. Late-stage clinical developments and marketing will be done in cooperation with strategic pharmaceutical partners. Founded in 1986, Lorus Therapeutics Inc. is a public company listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange under the symbol LOR, and on the OTC BB exchange under the symbol LORFF.

For more information, visit http://www.lorusthera.com or call (416)798-1200, ext.380.

COPYRIGHT 2003 Worldwide Videotex
COPYRIGHT 2003 Gale Group

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