Ciprofloxacin chemical structure
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Cipro

Ciprofloxacin is the generic international name for the synthetic antibiotic manufactured and sold by Bayer Pharmaceutical under the brand names Cipro® and Ciproxin® (and other brand names in other markets, e.g. veterinary drugs), belonging to a group called fluoroquinolones. Ciprofloxacin is bactericidal and its mode of action depends on blocking of bacterial DNA replication by binding itself to an enzyme called DNA gyrase, which allows the untwisting required to replicate one DNA double helix into two. more...

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Notably the drug has 100 times higher affinity for bacterial DNA gyrase than for mammalian.

Activity

Ciprofloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

  • Enterobacteriaceae
  • Vibrio
  • Haemophilus influenzae
  • Neisseria gonorrhoeae
  • Neisseria menigitidis
  • Moraxella catarrhalis
  • Brucella
  • Campylobacter
  • Mycobacterium intracellulare
  • Legionella sp.
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
  • Bacillus anthracis - that causes anthrax

Weak activity against:

  • Streptococcus pneumoniae
  • Chlamydia trachomatis
  • Chlamydia pneumoniae

No activity against:

  • Bacteroides
  • Burkholderia cepacia
  • Enterococcus faecium
  • Ureaplasma urealyticum
  • and others

The major adverse effect seen with use of is gastrointestinal irritation, common with many antibiotics. Because of its general safety, potency and broad spectrum activity, ciprofloxacin was initially reserved as a "last-resort" drug for use on difficult and drug-resistant infections. As with any antibiotic, however, increasing time and usage has led to an increase in ciprofloxacin-resistant infections, mainly in the hospital setting. Also implicated in the rise of resistant bacteria is the use of lower-cost, less potent fluoroquinolones, and the widespread addition of ciprofloxacin and other antibiotics to the feed of farm animals, which leads to greater and more rapid weight gain, for reasons which are not clear.

Label information

The drug is available for oral and parenteral use. It is used in lower respiratory infections (pneumonias), urinary tract infections, STDs, septicemias, Legionellosis and atypical Mycobacterioses. Dosage in respiratory infections is 500-1500 mg a day in 2 doses.

It is contraindicated in children, pregnancy, and in patients with epilepsy. Dose adjustment or avoidance may be necessary with liver or renal failure.

Ciprofloxacin can cause photosensitivity reactions and can elevate plasma theophylline levels to toxic values. It can also cause constipation and sensitivity to caffeine.

Interactions

Quercetin, a flavonoid occasionally used as a dietary supplement may interact with fluroquinolones, as quercetin competitively binds to bacterial DNA gyrase. Some foods such as garlic and apples contain high levels of quercetin. Whether this inhibits or enhances the effect of Fluoroquinolones is not immediately clear.

Read more at Wikipedia.org


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3 days of Cipro better than amoxicillin-clavulanate for uncomplicated UTI
Hooton TM, Scholes D, Gupta K, Stapleton AE, Roberts PL, Stature WE. Amoxicillin-clavulanate vs ciprofloxacin for the treatment of uncomplicated cystitis ...
Online Cipro: Caveat Emptor
Like public health concerns over anthrax, the number of online shops hawking the antibiotic Cipro has blossomed. Drug-dispensing Web sites have existed ...
Bayer Pharmaceuticals - Reporter's Notebook - Got additional six months of market exclusivity from FDA for its antibiotic Cipro - Brief Article
Bayer Pharmaceuticals received an additional six months of market exclusivity from the Food and Drug Administration for its antibiotic Cipro (ciprofloxacin) ...
Generic cipro waits in the wings - U.S. government debates overriding Bayer patent on ciprofloxacin - Brief Article - Statistical Data Included
Generic cipro waits in the wings.(U.S. government debates overriding Bayer patent on ciprofloxacin)
CDC backs off cipro, slightly - Brand Watch - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - Brief Article
CDC backs off cipro, slightly. (Brand Watch).(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)
More antibiotics seek to ride on Cipro's wake - antibiotic demand to increase as a result of anthrax scares - Brief Article
More antibiotics seek to ride on Cipro's wake.(antibiotic demand to increase as a result of anthrax scares)
It's time to separate anthrax fact from fiction - other antibiotics just as good as Cipro against anthrax - Brief Article
It's time to separate anthrax fact from fiction.(other antibiotics just as good as Cipro against anthrax)
Cipro beats amoxicillin-clavulanate in cystitis study: young women, uncomplicated cystitis - News
CHICAGO -- Amoxicillin-clavulanate is clearly inferior to ciprofloxacin for treatment of uncomplicated cystitis in young women--even in those infected ...

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