Cytarabine chemical structure
Find information on thousands of medical conditions and prescription drugs.

Cytarabine

Cytarabine is a shortened form of cytosine arabinoside, a commonly used chemotherapy agent used mainly in the treatment of leukemia and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. It is also known as Ara-C, Cytosar®-U, Tarabine® PFS or other local brand names. more...

Home
Diseases
Medicines
A
B
C
Cabergoline
Caduet
Cafergot
Caffeine
Calan
Calciparine
Calcitonin
Calcitriol
Calcium folinate
Campath
Camptosar
Camptosar
Cancidas
Candesartan
Cannabinol
Capecitabine
Capoten
Captohexal
Captopril
Carbachol
Carbadox
Carbamazepine
Carbatrol
Carbenicillin
Carbidopa
Carbimazole
Carboplatin
Cardinorm
Cardiolite
Cardizem
Cardura
Carfentanil
Carisoprodol
Carnitine
Carvedilol
Casodex
Cataflam
Catapres
Cathine
Cathinone
Caverject
Ceclor
Cefacetrile
Cefaclor
Cefaclor
Cefadroxil
Cefazolin
Cefepime
Cefixime
Cefotan
Cefotaxime
Cefotetan
Cefpodoxime
Cefprozil
Ceftazidime
Ceftriaxone
Ceftriaxone
Cefuroxime
Cefuroxime
Cefzil
Celebrex
Celexa
Cellcept
Cephalexin
Cerebyx
Cerivastatin
Cerumenex
Cetirizine
Cetrimide
Chenodeoxycholic acid
Chloralose
Chlorambucil
Chloramphenicol
Chlordiazepoxide
Chlorhexidine
Chloropyramine
Chloroquine
Chloroxylenol
Chlorphenamine
Chlorpromazine
Chlorpropamide
Chlorprothixene
Chlortalidone
Chlortetracycline
Cholac
Cholybar
Choriogonadotropin alfa
Chorionic gonadotropin
Chymotrypsin
Cialis
Ciclopirox
Cicloral
Ciclosporin
Cidofovir
Ciglitazone
Cilastatin
Cilostazol
Cimehexal
Cimetidine
Cinchophen
Cinnarizine
Cipro
Ciprofloxacin
Cisapride
Cisplatin
Citalopram
Citicoline
Cladribine
Clamoxyquine
Clarinex
Clarithromycin
Claritin
Clavulanic acid
Clemastine
Clenbuterol
Climara
Clindamycin
Clioquinol
Clobazam
Clobetasol
Clofazimine
Clomhexal
Clomid
Clomifene
Clomipramine
Clonazepam
Clonidine
Clopidogrel
Clotrimazole
Cloxacillin
Clozapine
Clozaril
Cocarboxylase
Cogentin
Colistin
Colyte
Combivent
Commit
Compazine
Concerta
Copaxone
Cordarone
Coreg
Corgard
Corticotropin
Cortisone
Cotinine
Cotrim
Coumadin
Cozaar
Crestor
Crospovidone
Cuprimine
Cyanocobalamin
Cyclessa
Cyclizine
Cyclobenzaprine
Cyclopentolate
Cyclophosphamide
Cyclopropane
Cylert
Cyproterone
Cystagon
Cysteine
Cytarabine
Cytotec
Cytovene
Isotretinoin
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z

History

Cytarabine was discovered in Europe in the 1960s. It gained FDA approval in June 1969 and was initially marketed in the US by Upjohn as Cytosar-U.

Mechanism

Cytosine arabinoside is an antimetabolic agent with the chemical name of 1β-arabinofuranosylcytosine. Its mode of action is due to its rapid conversion into cytosine arabinoside triphosphosphate, which damages DNA when the cell cycle holds in the S phase (synthesis of DNA). Rapidly dividing cells, which require DNA replication for mitosis, are therefore most affected. Cytosine arabinoside also inhibits both DNA and RNA polymerases and nucleotide reductase enzyme needed for the DNA synthesis. Cytarabine is rapidly deaminated in the body into the inactive uracil derivative form and therefore, it is often given by continuous intravenous infusion.

Clinical uses

Cytarabine is mainly used in the treatement of acute myelogenous leukemia where it is the backbone of induction chemotherapy. Cytarabine possessess also an antiviral activity, and it has been used for the treatment of generalised herpes infection. However, cytarabine is not very selective and causes bone marrow suppression and other severe side effects, so it is used mainly for the chemotherapy of cancer.

One of the unique toxicities of cytarabine is cerebellar toxicity when given in high doses.

Cytarabine is also used in the study of the nervous system to control the proliferation of glial cells in cultures, the amount of glial cells having an important impact on neurons.

Read more at Wikipedia.org


[List your site here Free!]


Inflammation of seborrheic keratoses caused by cytarabine: a pseudo sign of Leser-Trelat
From Journal of Drugs in Dermatology, 9/1/04 by Timothy Patton

Abstract

Cytarabine, used for the treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia, can cause a rare reaction of inflammation of existing seborrheic keratoses. We report a case of cytarabine induced inflammation of seborrheic keratoses mimicking a vesicular eruption in 53-year-old man with acute myelogenous leukemia.

**********

Case Report

Our patient was a 53-year-old man diagnosed with acute myelogenous leukemia. He was admitted to the hospital for induction chemotherapy with cytarabine and idarubicin. On the fifth day of cytarabine therapy, the patient began to develop fevers and a rash that appeared vesicular (Figure 1) without a clear source of infection.

Acyclovir was initiated by the hospital team for possible disseminated zoster. The fevers persisted despite broad spectrum antibiotics. Cultures were all negative. The dermatology service was consulted to evaluate the patient's rash in relation to his persistent fevers.

On exam, the patient had generalized petechiae, which was a chronic finding secondary to thrombocytopenia. On his upper chest and neck, the patient had multiple 2-4mm tan/white vesicular-like papules on a red base. In addition, on his middle and lower posterior trunk were four similar appearing lesions larger in size (Figure 2).

Attempts to unroof one of the smaller, vesicular-like lesions were unsuccessful. Biopsy demonstrated an inflamed seborrheic keratosis (Figure 3).

[FIGURE 1 OMITTED]

[FIGURE 2 OMITTED]

[FIGURE 3 OMITTED]

Discussion

Cytarabine, a nucleoside analogue of deoxycytosine which inhibits DNA synthesis, is primarily used for the treatment of acute myelogenous leukemias and lymphocytic leukemias. More frequent cutaneous side effects include a maculopapular rash and mucositis (1).

The sign of Leser-Trelat is defined as the sudden appearance or enlargement of multiple seborrheic keratoses in association with an internal malignancy (2). Case reports of this sign abound, but the true existence has been called into question, as both seborrheic keratoses and cancer are more common occurrences in the elderly population (3). Two reports have documented an unusual occurrence of cytarabine induced inflammation of existing seborrheic keratoses (4,3), a pseudo-"sign of Leser-Trelat". When this inflammation occurs in smaller seborrheic keratoses, which are common on the anterior chest and around the neck, a vesicular eruption is mimicked. The patient reported by Williams et al. was originally diagnosed with disseminated herpes zoster. In differentiating the inflammation of these smaller seborrheic keratoses from a vesicular eruption, it is helpful to attempt to locate more classical lesions, which were present in our patient.

References

1. Galmarini CM, Mackey JR, Dumontet C. Nucleoside analogues and nucleobases in cancer treatment. The Lancet Oncology 2002; 3(7):415-24.

2. Schwartz RA. Sign of Leser-Trelat. J Amer Acad Dermatology 1996. 35(1):88-95.

3. Grob JJ, et al. The relation between seborrheic keratoses and malignant solid tumours. A case-control study. Acta Dermato-Venereologica 1991; 71(2):166-9.

4. Kechijian P, et al. Cytarabine-induced inflammation in the seborrheic keratoses of Leser-Trelat. Ann Intern Med 1979; 91:868-9.

5. Williams JV, Helm KF, Long D. Chemotherapy-induced inflammation in seborrheic keratoses mimicking disseminated herpes zoster. Jour Amer Acad Derm 1999; 40(4):643-4.

TIMOTHY PATTON DO (1), MATTHEW ZIRWAS MD (1), NANCY NIELAND-FISHER MD (2), DRAZEN JUKIC MD PHD (3)

1. DEPARTMENT OF DERMATOLOGY

UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH, PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA

2. PROFESSOR OF DERMATOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF DERMATOLOGY

UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH, PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA

3. DIRECTOR OF DERMATOPATHOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF DERMATOLOGY

UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH, PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA

ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:

Timothy Patton DO

3601 Fifth Avenue

Fifth Floor

Pittsburgh, PA 15213

Phone: (412) 383-8033

Fax: (412) 648-1962

E-mail: pattontj@msx.upmc.edu

COPYRIGHT 2004 Journal of Drugs in Dermatology, Inc.
COPYRIGHT 2005 Gale Group

Return to Cytarabine
Home Contact Resources Exchange Links ebay